python2.x和3.x的区别简述_python2.x和python3.x的一些区别

1 使用 future的模块

python3.x 引入了一些与python2.x不兼容的关键字和特性。2.x中可以通过future模块导入新的内容

2 print函数

2.x中print是个语句，3.x中print是个方法，也是说2.x中print 或者print() 、print () 都是可以的，

print "magedu.com"

print("magedu.com")

print ("magedu.com")

不过3.x中print一定要方法的形式调用

print("magedu.com")

3 整数除法

python2.x

>>> 1/2

0

python3.x

>>> 1/2

0.5

>>> 1/0

4 Unicodepython2.x：ASCII的str类型，有unicode() 转成unicode类型

Python 2.7.16 (default, Apr 17 2020, 18:29:03)

[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.29.20) (-macos10.15-objc- on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import sys

>>> sys.getdefaultencoding()

'ascii'python3.x：Unicode(utf-8)类型str，bytes，bytearrays

Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 7 2020, 00:16:22)

[Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.16)] on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> import sys

>>> sys.getdefaultencoding()

'utf-8'

>>>

5 xrangepython2.x xrange

python3.x range，使用xrange会有异常

6 异常python2.x 支持两种格式

Python 2.7.16 (default, Apr 17 2020, 18:29:03)

[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.29.20) (-macos10.15-objc- on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> try:

... a = raw_input("输入一个数：")

... if not a.isdigit():

... raise ValueError("a 必须是数字")

... except ValueError as e:

... print("引发异常：",e)

...

输入一个数：a

('\xe5\xbc\x95\xe5\x8f\x91\xe5\xbc\x82\xe5\xb8\xb8\xef\xbc\x9a', ValueError('a \xe5\xbf\x85\xe9\xa1\xbb\xe6\x98\xaf\xe6\x95\xb0\xe5\xad\x97',))

>>> try:

... a = raw_input("输入一个数：")

... if not a.isdigit():

... raise ValueError("a 必须是数字")

... except ValueError,e:

... print("引发异常：",e)

...

输入一个数：a

('\xe5\xbc\x95\xe5\x8f\x91\xe5\xbc\x82\xe5\xb8\xb8\xef\xbc\x9a', ValueError('a \xe5\xbf\x85\xe9\xa1\xbb\xe6\x98\xaf\xe6\x95\xb0\xe5\xad\x97',))python3.x 只支持as e的这种

Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 7 2020, 00:16:22)

[Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.16)] on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> try:

... a = input("输入一个数：")

... if not a.isdigit():

... raise ValueError("a 必须是数字")

... except ValueError as e:

... print("引发异常：",e)

...

输入一个数：a

引发异常： a 必须是数字

>>>

7 next方法python2.x next() 或者.next()

python3.x next()

__next__

8 input方法python2.x raw_input()

python3.x input()

9 iter和listpython2.x 有些迭代对象直接转成list了:dict.key(),dict.values(), map, reduce,filter等等

Python 2.7.16 (default, Apr 17 2020, 18:29:03)

[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.29.20) (-macos10.15-objc- on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> lst = map(lambda x:int(x), [x for x in "123456789"])

>>> type(lst)

>>> lst

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>>> dt = {x:x for x in range(10)}

>>> dt.values()

dict_values([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

>>> dt.keys()

dict_keys([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

>>> dt.items()

dict_items([(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6), (7, 7), (8, 8), (9, 9)])

>>>python3.x 默认返回的是可迭代对象:dict.key(),dict.values(), map, reduce,filter等等

Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 7 2020, 00:16:22)

[Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.16)] on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> lst = map(lambda x:int(x), [x for x in "123456789"])

>>> type(lst)

>>> lst

>>>

>>> dt = {x:x for x in range(10)}

>>> dt.values()

dict_values([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

>>> dt.keys()

dict_keys([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

>>> dt.items()

dict_items([(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6), (7, 7), (8, 8), (9, 9)])

>>>

10 字典python2.x 字典插入无序

Python 2.7.16 (default, Apr 17 2020, 18:29:03)

[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.29.20) (-macos10.15-objc- on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> dt = {}

>>> dt["a"] = "A"

>>> dt["b"] = "B"

>>> dt["c"] = "C"

>>> dt

{'a': 'A', 'c': 'C', 'b': 'B'}

>>>python3.5以后，字典插入有序

>>> dt = {}

>>> dt["a"] = "A"

>>> dt["b"] = "B"

>>> dt["c"] = "C"

>>> dt

{'a': 'A', 'b': 'B', 'c': 'C'}

>>>

11 字符串格式化python2.x %

>>> a = "%d+%d=%d" %(1,2,3)

>>> a

'1+2=3'python3.x format 和f

Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 7 2020, 00:16:22)

[Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.16)] on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> a = "{}+{}={}".format(1,2,3)

>>> a

'1+2=3'

>>> a = 1

>>> b = 2

>>> c = 3

>>> d = f"{a}+{b}={c}"

>>> d

'1+2=3'

12 True和Falsepython2.x True 可以被赋值

Python 2.7.16 (default, Apr 17 2020, 18:29:03)

[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.29.20) (-macos10.15-objc- on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> True + True

2

>>> True = 0

>>> True + True

0

>>>python3.x True是关键字

Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 7 2020, 00:16:22)

[Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.16)] on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> True+True

2

>>> True = 0

File "", line 1

SyntaxError: can't assign to keyword

>>>

python2.x 里面 while 1 要比while True 速度快一些(来自你像从前一样的Python学习笔记-python天坑系列)

➜ Desktop cat python2.py

#! /usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import timeit

def while_one():

i = 0

while 1:

i += 1

if i == 10000000:

break

def while_true():

i = 0

while True:

i += 1

if i == 10000000:

break

if __name__ == "__main__":

w1 = timeit.timeit(while_one, "from __main__ import while_one", number=3)

wt = timeit.timeit(while_true, "from __main__ import while_true", number=3)

print "while one: %s\nwhile_true: %s" % (w1, wt)

➜ Desktop python python2.py

while one: 0.646219015121

while_true: 1.01446509361

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