python具有可移植性吗_捕获标准输出时python2和python3之间的StringIO可移植性

I have written a python package which I have managed to make fully compatible with both python 2.7 and python 3.4, with one exception that is stumping me so far. The package includes a command line script, and in my unit tests I use this code to run the script's main routine while overriding sys.argv to pass command line arguments for argparse, and capturing the script's stdout for comparison:

@contextlib.contextmanager

def runmain(mainfunction, arglist):

"""Run mainfunction with arglist in sys.srgv, and capture stdout."""

origargv, sys.argv = sys.argv, arglist

origout, sys.stdout = sys.stdout, io.StringIO()

rtn = mainfunction()

sys.stdout.seek(0)

yield (rtn, sys.stdout.read())

sys.stdout = origout

sys.argv = origargv

class test_imdutil_main(unittest.TestCase):

def test_help(self):

"""Test -h option."""

with runmain(imdutil_main, ['imdutil.py', '-h']) as (rtn, capture):

# do stuff with rtn and capture...

This works well in python 3.4, but in python 2.7 it generates an error:

TypeError: unicode argument expected, got 'str'

I haven't managed to figure out a way to capture stdout from arbitrary functions which is portable between python 2.7 and python 3.4.

As an aside, I have to admit that I don't understand decorations, context managers or the "yield" keyword very well at all. The inspiration for my runmain() function came from:

Incidentally, my complete package where this code comes from is here:

At the moment, its unit tests are partially broken under python 2.7 because of this issue. Can anybody help me figure out how to solve this stdout redirection problem in a portable, pythonic manner, preferably without adding any more external dependencies?

解决方案

You replaced the Python 2 bytes-only sys.stdout with one that only takes Unicode. You'll have to adjust your strategy on the Python version here, and use a different object:

try:

# Python 2

from cStringIO import StringIO

except ImportError:

# Python 3

from io import StringIO

and remove the io. prefix in your context manager:

origout, sys.stdout = sys.stdout, StringIO()

The cStringIO.StringIO object is the Python 2 equivalent of io.BytesIO; it requires that you write plain bytestrings, not aunicode objects.

You can also use io.BytesIO in Python 2, but then you want to test if sys.stdout is a io.TextIOBase subclass; if it is not, replace the object with a binary BytesIO, object, otherwise use a StringIO object:

import io

if isinstance(sys.stdout, io.TextIOBase):

# Python 3

origout, sys.stdout = sys.stdout, io.StringIO()

else:

# Python 2 or an unorthodox binary stdout setup

origout, sys.stdout = sys.stdout, io.BytesIO()