python编程input-input和while循环——Python编程从入门到实践

input( )

input()函数：让程序运行暂停，等待用户输入。

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:")print(message)

运行结果：

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: Hello Python!

Hello Python!

1. 编写清晰的程序

name = input("Please enter your name:")print("Hello," + name + "!")

Please enter your name: hery

Hello, hery!

提示信息超过一行时：

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."prompt+= " What is your name?"name=input(prompt)print(" Hello," + name + "!")

2. 获取数值的输入

age = input("How old are you?")print(type(age))

How old are you?12

通过input()函数输入的信息以字符串的形式存储，若需要将输入作为数值使用怎么办呢？

可以使用int()函数将其转换为数值表示：

height = input("How tall are you, in inches?")

height=int(height)if height >= 36:print(" You"re tall enough to ride!")else:print(" You"ll be able to ride when you"re a little older.")

3. 求模运算符

求模运算符（%）：求得两数相除返回的余数。

可用于判断一个数是奇数还是偶数：

number = input("Enter a number, and I"ll tell you if it is even or odd:")

number=int(number)if number % 2 ==0:print(" The number" + str(number) + "is even.")else:print(" The number" + str(number) + "is odd.")

运算符两端的元素类型要一致，故print语句中又需要将数值型通过str()函数转换为字符型。

while循环

for循环是针对集合中的每个元素的一个代码块，而while循环是不断的运行，直到指定条件不满足。

1. 使用while循环

current_number = 1

while current_number <= 5:print(current_number)

current_number+= 1

运行结果：

1

2

3

4

5

2. 让用户选择何时退出

prompt = " Tell me something , and I will repeat it back to you:"prompt+= " Enter "quit" to end the program."message= ""

while message != "quit":

message=input(prompt)print(message)

运行结果：

Tell me something , andI will repeat it back to you:

Enter"quit"to end the program. Hello Python

Hello Python

Tell me something ,andI will repeat it back to you:

Enter"quit" to end the program. Hello 0629Hello 0629Tell me something ,andI will repeat it back to you:

Enter"quit"to end the program. quit

quit

输入为 quit 时循环结束。

若不想将 quit 也作为一条消息打印出来，则：

prompt = " Tell me something , and I will repeat it back to you:"prompt+= " Enter "quit" to end the program."message= ""

while message != "quit":

message=input(prompt)if message != "quit":print(message)

3. 使用标志

在要求很多条件都满足的情况下才继续运行的程序中，可定义一个变量，用于判断整个程序是否处于活动状态，这个变量称为标志。

prompt = " Tell me something , and I will repeat it back to you:"prompt+= " Enter "quit" to end the program."active=Truewhileactive:

message=input(prompt)if message == "quit":

active=Falseelse:print(message)

敲代码的时候把 active =False敲成了 active ="False"，然后输入quit还一直执行循环，哈哈哈

4. 使用break退出循环

prompt = " Please enter the name of a city you have visited:"prompt+= " (Enter "quit" when you are finished.)"

whileTrue:

city=input(prompt)if city == "quit":break

else:print("I"d love to go to" + city.title() + "!")

Note: Python循环（while循环、for循环）中都可使用break语句来推出循环。

5. 在循环中使用continue

循环中使用continue，会返回大循环开头，并根据条件测试结果决定是否继续执行循环：

current_number =0while current_number < 10:

current_number+= 1

if current_number % 2 ==0:continue

else:print(current_number)

运行结果：

1

3

5

7

9

6. 避免无限循环

x = 1

while x < 5:print(x)

x+= 1

上述的代码块中，若漏写了代码行x += 1，这个程序将没完没了地运行。可按Ctrl + C，也可关闭显示程序输出的终端窗口，或关闭编辑器，结束无限循环。