python item函数_Python魔法函数

1.什么是魔法函数魔法函数即Python类中以__(双下划线)开头，以__(双下划线)结尾的函数，Python提供的函数，可以让我们随意定义类的特性

示例：class Company(object):

def __init__(self, employee_list):

self.employee = employee_list

def __getitem__(self, item):

return self.employee[item]

company = Company(["Tom", "Jerry", "Bob"])

# 没有__getitem__时，通过这种方式遍历Company类中的employee

for em in company.employee:

print(em)

# 自定义__getitem__后，Company变为可迭代对象

for em in company:

print(em)代码中的__init__、__getitem__即为魔法函数

2.Python的数据模型以及数据模型对Python的影响魔法函数本身是Python的数据模型，魔法函数是网络流行的叫法

以__len__为例说明数据模型(魔法函数)对Python的影响class Company(object):

def __init__(self, employee_list):

self.employee = employee_list

def __getitem__(self, item):

return self.employee[item]

def __len__(self):

return len(self.employee)

company = Company(["Tom", "Jerry", "Bob"])

# 不定义__len__是无法使用len()的

print(len(company))

3.Python魔法函数一览(个别说明)

3.1非数学运算

字符串表示__repr__、__str____str__：对对象进行字符串格式化class Company(object):

def __init__(self, employee_list):

self.employee = employee_list

company = Company(["Tom", "Jerry", "Bob"])

print(company) # 在Python解释器中会隐含调用str,即print(str(company))此时输出：<__main__.company object at>

验证解释器隐含调用strclass Company(object):

def __init__(self, employee_list):

self.employee = employee_list

def __str__(self):

return ','.join(self.employee)

company = Company(["Tom", "Jerry", "Bob"])

print(company)输出：Tom,Jerry,Bob__repr__:开发模式才会用到class Company(object):

def __init__(self, employee_list):

self.employee = employee_list

company = Company(["Tom", "Jerry", "Bob"])

company # 在Python解释器中会隐含调用repr,即repr(company),在Python内部为company.__repr__()此时输出：<__main__.company at>

验证解释器隐含调用reprclass Company(object):

def __init__(self, employee_list):

self.employee = employee_list

def __repr__(self):

return ','.join(self.employee)

company = Company(["Tom", "Jerry", "Bob"])

company输出：Tom,Jerry,Bob

3.2数学运算pass