见网络上有人用Python 画出来个多啦A梦,很是新奇,来来来,我们看一下他们主要用到的库。
其实主要用的库就一个 turtle 库
先说明一下turtle绘图的基础知识:
1. 画布(canvas)
画布就是turtle为我们展开用于绘图区域, 我们可以设置它的大小和初始位置
1.1 设置画布大小
turtle.screensize(canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None)
参数分别为画布的宽(单位像素), 高, 背景颜色
如:
turtle.screensize(800, 600, "green")
turtle.screensize() #返回默认大小(400, 300)
turtle.setup(width=0.5, height=0.75, startx=None, starty=None)
参数:
width, height: 输入宽和高为整数时, 表示像素; 为小数时, 表示占据电脑屏幕的比例
(startx, starty): 这一坐标表示 矩形窗口左上角顶点的位置, 如果为空,则窗口位于屏幕中心
如:
turtle.setup(width=0.6, height=0.6)
turtle.setup(width=800, height=800, startx=100, starty=100)
2. 画笔
2.1 画笔的状态
在画布上,默认有一个坐标原点为画布中心的坐标轴, 坐标原点上有一只面朝x轴正方向小乌龟. 这里我们描述小乌龟时使用了两个词语:坐标原点
(位置),面朝x轴正方向
(方向), turtle绘图中, 就是使用位置方向描述小乌龟(画笔)的状态
2.2 画笔的属性
画笔(画笔的属性,颜色、画线的宽度)
1) turtle.pensize():设置画笔的宽度;
2) turtle.pencolor(); 没有参数传入,返回当前画笔颜色,传入参数设置画笔颜色,可以是字符串如"green", "red",也可以是RGB 3元组,
>>> pencolor('brown')
>>> tup = (0.2, 0.8, 0.55)
>>> pencolor(tup)
>>> pencolor() '#33cc8c'
3) turtle.speed(speed): 设置画笔移动速度,画笔绘制的速度范围[0,10]整数, 数字越大越快
2.3 绘图命令
操纵海龟绘图有着许多的命令,这些命令可以划分为3种:一种为运动命令,一种为画笔控制命令,还有一种是全局控制命令
(1)画笔运动命令:
命令说明turtle.forward(distance)向当前画笔方向移动distance像素长turtle.backward(distance)向当前画笔相反方向移动distance像素长度turtle.right(degree)顺时针移动degree°turtle.left(degree)逆时针移动degree°turtle.pendown()移动时绘制图形,缺省时也为绘制turtle.goto(x,y)将画笔移动到坐标为x,y的位置turtle.penup()移动时不绘制图形,提起笔,用于另起一个地方绘制时用turtle.speed(speed)画笔绘制的速度范围[0,10]整数turtle.circle()画圆,半径为正(负),表示圆心在画笔的左边(右边)画圆
(2)画笔控制命令:
命令说明turtle.pensize(width)绘制图形时的宽度turtle.pencolor()画笔颜色turtle.fillcolor(colorstring)绘制图形的填充颜色turtle.color(color1, color2)同时设置pencolor=color1, fillcolor=color2turtle.filling()返回当前是否在填充状态turtle.begin_fill()准备开始填充图形turtle.end_fill()填充完成;turtle.hideturtle()隐藏箭头显示;turtle.showturtle()与hideturtle()函数对应
(3) 全局控制命令
命令说明turtle.clear()清空turtle窗口,但是turtle的位置和状态不会改变turtle.reset()清空窗口,重置turtle状态为起始状态turtle.undo()撤销上一个turtle动作turtle.isvisible()返回当前turtle是否可见stamp()复制当前图形turtle.write(s[,font=("font-name",font_size,"font_type")])写文本,s为文本内容,font是字体的参数,里面分别为字体名称,大小和类型;font为可选项, font的参数也是可选项
3. 命令详解
3.1 turtle.circle(radius, extent=None, steps=None)
描述: 以给定半径画圆
参数:
radius(半径); 半径为正(负),表示圆心在画笔的左边(右边)画圆
extent(弧度) (optional);
steps (optional) (做半径为radius的圆的内切正多边形,多边形边数为steps)
举例:
circle(50) # 整圆;
circle(50,steps=3) # 三角形;
circle(120, 180) # 半圆
4. 绘图举例
4.1 太阳花
import turtle as timport time
t.color("red", "yellow")
t.speed(10)
t.begin_fill()for _ in range(50):
t.forward(200)
t.left(170)
end_fill()
time.sleep(1)
4.2 绘制小蟒蛇
import turtledef drawSnake(rad, angle, len, neckrad):
for _ in range(len):
turtle.circle(rad, angle)
turtle.circle(-rad, angle)
turtle.circle(rad, angle/2)
turtle.forward(rad/2) # 直线前进
turtle.circle(neckrad, 180)
turtle.forward(rad/4)if __name__ == "__main__":
turtle.setup(1500, 1400, 0, 0)
turtle.pensize(30) # 画笔尺寸
turtle.pencolor("green")
turtle.seth(-40) # 前进的方向
drawSnake(70, 80, 2, 15)
4.3 绘制五角星
import turtle import time
turtle.pensize(5)
turtle.pencolor("yellow")
turtle.fillcolor("red")
turtle.begin_fill()for _ in range(5):
turtle.forward(200)
turtle.right(144)
turtle.end_fill()
time.sleep(2)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-150,-120)
turtle.color("violet")
turtle.write("Done", font=('Arial', 40, 'normal'))
time.sleep(1)
有了基础知识以后我们看下怎么画出多啦A梦
# !/usr/bin/env python3
from turtle import *
# 无轨迹跳跃
def my_goto(x, y):
penup()
goto(x, y)
pendown()
# 眼睛
def eyes():
fillcolor("#ffffff")
begin_fill()
tracer(False)
a = 2.5
for i in range(120):
if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i < 90:
a -= 0.05
lt(3)
fd(a)
else:
a += 0.05
lt(3)
fd(a)
tracer(True)
end_fill()
# 胡须
def beard():
my_goto(-32, 135)
seth(165)
fd(60)
my_goto(-32, 125)
seth(180)
fd(60)
my_goto(-32, 115)
seth(193)
fd(60)
my_goto(37, 135)
seth(15)
fd(60)
my_goto(37, 125)
seth(0)
fd(60)
my_goto(37, 115)
seth(-13)
fd(60)
# 嘴巴
def mouth():
my_goto(5, 148)
seth(270)
fd(100)
seth(0)
circle(120, 50)
seth(230)
circle(-120, 100)
# 围巾
def scarf():
fillcolor('#e70010')
begin_fill()
seth(0)
fd(200)
circle(-5, 90)
fd(10)
circle(-5, 90)
fd(207)
circle(-5, 90)
fd(10)
circle(-5, 90)
end_fill()
# 鼻子
def nose():
my_goto(-10, 158)
seth(315)
fillcolor('#e70010')
begin_fill()
circle(20)
end_fill()
# 黑眼睛
def black_eyes():
seth(0)
my_goto(-20, 195)
fillcolor('#000000')
begin_fill()
circle(13)
end_fill()
pensize(6)
my_goto(20, 205)
seth(75)
circle(-10, 150)
pensize(3)
my_goto(-17, 200)
seth(0)
fillcolor('#ffffff')
begin_fill()
circle(5)
end_fill()
my_goto(0, 0)
# 脸
def face():
fd(183)
lt(45)
fillcolor('#ffffff')
begin_fill()
circle(120, 100)
seth(180)
# print(pos())
fd(121)
pendown()
seth(215)
circle(120, 100)
end_fill()
my_goto(63.56, 218.24)
seth(90)
eyes()
seth(180)
penup()
fd(60)
pendown()
seth(90)
eyes()
penup()
seth(180)
fd(64)
# 头型
def head():
penup()
circle(150, 40)
pendown()
fillcolor('#00a0de')
begin_fill()
circle(150, 280)
end_fill()
# 画哆啦A梦
def Doraemon():
# 头部
head()
# 围脖
scarf()
# 脸
face()
# 红鼻子
nose()
# 嘴巴
mouth()
# 胡须
beard()
# 身体
my_goto(0, 0)
seth(0)
penup()
circle(150, 50)
pendown()
seth(30)
fd(40)
seth(70)
circle(-30, 270)
fillcolor('#00a0de')
begin_fill()
seth(230)
fd(80)
seth(90)
circle(1000, 1)
seth(-89)
circle(-1000, 10)
# print(pos())
seth(180)
fd(70)
seth(90)
circle(30, 180)
seth(180)
fd(70)
# print(pos())
seth(100)
circle(-1000, 9)
seth(-86)
circle(1000, 2)
seth(230)
fd(40)
# print(pos())
circle(-30, 230)
seth(45)
fd(81)
seth(0)
fd(203)
circle(5, 90)
fd(10)
circle(5, 90)
fd(7)
seth(40)
circle(150, 10)
seth(30)
fd(40)
end_fill()
# 左手
seth(70)
fillcolor('#ffffff')
begin_fill()
circle(-30)
end_fill()
# 脚
my_goto(103.74, -182.59)
seth(0)
fillcolor('#ffffff')
begin_fill()
fd(15)
circle(-15, 180)
fd(90)
circle(-15, 180)
fd(10)
end_fill()
my_goto(-96.26, -182.59)
seth(180)
fillcolor('#ffffff')
begin_fill()
fd(15)
circle(15, 180)
fd(90)
circle(15, 180)
fd(10)
end_fill()
# 右手
my_goto(-133.97, -91.81)
seth(50)
fillcolor('#ffffff')
begin_fill()
circle(30)
end_fill()
# 口袋
my_goto(-103.42, 15.09)
seth(0)
fd(38)
seth(230)
begin_fill()
circle(90, 260)
end_fill()
my_goto(5, -40)
seth(0)
fd(70)
seth(-90)
circle(-70, 180)
seth(0)
fd(70)
# 铃铛
my_goto(-103.42, 15.09)
fd(90)
seth(70)
fillcolor('#ffd200')
# print(pos())
begin_fill()
circle(-20)
end_fill()
seth(170)
fillcolor('#ffd200')
begin_fill()
circle(-2, 180)
seth(10)
circle(-100, 22)
circle(-2, 180)
seth(180 - 10)
circle(100, 22)
end_fill()
goto(-13.42, 15.09)
seth(250)
circle(20, 110)
seth(90)
fd(15)
dot(10)
my_goto(0, -150)
# 画眼睛
black_eyes()
if __name__ == '__main__':
screensize(800, 600, "#f0f0f0")
pensize(3) # 画笔宽度
speed(9) # 画笔速度
Doraemon()
my_goto(100, -300)
mainloop()
看下效果
看看 小猪佩奇的实现方式:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Time: 2018/9/5
@Author: songhao
@微信公众号: zeropython
@File: peiqi.py
"""
from turtle import *
def nose(x, y): # 鼻子
pu()
goto(x, y)
pd()
seth(-30)
begin_fill()
a = 0.4
for i in range(120):
if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i < 90:
a = a + 0.08
lt(3) # 向左转3度
fd(a) # 向前走a的步长
else:
a = a - 0.08
lt(3)
fd(a)
end_fill()
pu()
seth(90)
fd(25)
seth(0)
fd(10)
pd()
pencolor(255, 155, 192)
seth(10)
begin_fill()
circle(5)
color(160, 82, 45)
end_fill()
pu()
seth(0)
fd(20)
pd()
pencolor(255, 155, 192)
seth(10)
begin_fill()
circle(5)
color(160, 82, 45)
end_fill()
def head(x, y): # 头
color((255, 155, 192), "pink")
pu()
goto(x, y)
seth(0)
pd()
begin_fill()
seth(180)
circle(300, -30)
circle(100, -60)
circle(80, -100)
circle(150, -20)
circle(60, -95)
seth(161)
circle(-300, 15)
pu()
goto(-100, 100)
pd()
seth(-30)
a = 0.4
for i in range(60):
if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i < 90:
a = a + 0.08
lt(3) # 向左转3度
fd(a) # 向前走a的步长
else:
a = a - 0.08
lt(3)
fd(a)
end_fill()
def ears(x, y): # 耳朵
color((255, 155, 192), "pink")
pu()
goto(x, y)
pd()
begin_fill()
seth(100)
circle(-50, 50)
circle(-10, 120)
circle(-50, 54)
end_fill()
pu()
seth(90)
fd(-12)
seth(0)
fd(30)
pd()
begin_fill()
seth(100)
circle(-50, 50)
circle(-10, 120)
circle(-50, 56)
end_fill()
def eyes(x, y): # 眼睛
color((255, 155, 192), "white")
pu()
seth(90)
fd(-20)
seth(0)
fd(-95)
pd()
begin_fill()
circle(15)
end_fill()
color("black")
pu()
seth(90)
fd(12)
seth(0)
fd(-3)
pd()
begin_fill()
circle(3)
end_fill()
color((255, 155, 192), "white")
pu()
seth(90)
fd(-25)
seth(0)
fd(40)
pd()
begin_fill()
circle(15)
end_fill()
color("black")
pu()
seth(90)
fd(12)
seth(0)
fd(-3)
pd()
begin_fill()
circle(3)
end_fill()
def cheek(x, y): # 腮
color((255, 155, 192))
pu()
goto(x, y)
pd()
seth(0)
begin_fill()
circle(30)
end_fill()
def mouth(x, y): # 嘴
color(239, 69, 19)
pu()
goto(x, y)
pd()
seth(-80)
circle(30, 40)
circle(40, 80)
def body(x, y): # 身体
color("red", (255, 99, 71))
pu()
goto(x, y)
pd()
begin_fill()
seth(-130)
circle(100, 10)
circle(300, 30)
seth(0)
fd(230)
seth(90)
circle(300, 30)
circle(100, 3)
color((255, 155, 192), (255, 100, 100))
seth(-135)
circle(-80, 63)
circle(-150, 24)
end_fill()
def hands(x, y): # 手
color((255, 155, 192))
pu()
goto(x, y)
pd()
seth(-160)
circle(300, 15)
pu()
seth(90)
fd(15)
seth(0)
fd(0)
pd()
seth(-10)
circle(-20, 90)
pu()
seth(90)
fd(30)
seth(0)
fd(237)
pd()
seth(-20)
circle(-300, 15)
pu()
seth(90)
fd(20)
seth(0)
fd(0)
pd()
seth(-170)
circle(20, 90)
def foot(x, y): # 脚
pensize(10)
color((240, 128, 128))
pu()
goto(x, y)
pd()
seth(-90)
fd(40)
seth(-180)
color("black")
pensize(15)
fd(20)
pensize(10)
color((240, 128, 128))
pu()
seth(90)
fd(40)
seth(0)
fd(90)
pd()
seth(-90)
fd(40)
seth(-180)
color("black")
pensize(15)
fd(20)
def tail(x, y): # 尾巴
pensize(4)
color((255, 155, 192))
pu()
goto(x, y)
pd()
seth(0)
circle(70, 20)
circle(10, 330)
circle(70, 30)
def setting(): # 参数设置
pensize(4)
hideturtle()
colormode(255)
color((255, 155, 192), "pink")
setup(840, 500)
speed(10)
def main():
setting() # 画布、画笔设置
nose(-100, 100) # 鼻子
head(-69, 167) # 头
ears(0, 160) # 耳朵
eyes(0, 140) # 眼睛
cheek(80, 10) # 腮
mouth(-20, 30) # 嘴
body(-32, -8) # 身体
hands(-56, -45) # 手
foot(2, -177) # 脚
tail(148, -155) # 尾巴
done() # 结束
main()
其实画图主要还是坐标和尺寸
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