python根据列名行名取数据_Python中的2D列表-通过列名访问

I'm parsing two files which has data as shown below

File1:

UID A B C D

------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

456 536 1 148 304

1071 908 1 128 243

1118 4 8 52 162

249 4 8 68 154

1072 296 416 68 114

118 180 528 68 67

file2:

UID X Y A Z B

------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

456 536 1 148 304 234

1071 908 1 128 243 12

1118 4 8 52 162 123

249 4 8 68 154 987

1072 296 416 68 114 45

118 180 528 68 67 6

I will be comparing two such files, however the number of columns might vary and the columns names. For every unique UID, I need to match the column names, compare and find the difference.

Questions

1. Is there a way to access columns by column names instead of index?

2. Dynamically give column names based on the file data?

I'm able to load the file into list, and compare using indexes, but thats not a proper solutions.

Thanks in advance.

解决方案

You might consider using csv.DictReader. It allows you both to address columns by names, and a variable list of columns for each file opened. Consider removing the ------ separating header from actual data as it might be read wrong.

Example:

import csv

with open('File1', 'r', newline='') as f:

# If you don't pass field names

# they are taken from the first row.

reader = csv.DictReader(f)

for line in reader:

# `line` is a dict {'UID': val, 'A': val, ... }

print line

If your input format has no clear delimiter (multiple whitespaces), you can wrap the file with a generator that will compress continous whitespaces into e.g. a comma:

import csv

import re

r = re.compile(r'[ ]+')

def trim_whitespaces(f):

for line in f:

yield r.sub(',', line)

with open('test.txt', 'r', newline='') as f:

reader = csv.DictReader(trim_whitespaces(f))

for line in reader:

print line