bochs运行linux内核,Bochs调试linux内核环境搭建笔记（3）

近期不小心把系统弄崩了，重装了系统，使用了ubuntu 14.04，顺便准备研究Grub 2.0引导linux的方式，发现制作bochs引导镜像着实不容易，倒也不是操作困难，而是grub命令变更比较大，一时半会还不熟，折腾了好久才算是弄好。特此留下笔记以备后忘。

环境信息：

Ubuntu 14.04

Grub 2.02

1、创建img镜像文件

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img count=$((63*16*100))

100800+0 records in

100800+0 records out

51609600 bytes (52 MB) copied, 0.699557 s, 73.8 MB/s

2、使用fdisk对img镜像文件进行分区操作

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#fdisk disk.img

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x379f62f8.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m

——m是帮助命令

Command action

a   toggle a bootable flag

b   edit bsd disklabel

c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

d   delete a partition

l   list known partition types

m   print this menu

n   add a new partition

o   create a new empty DOS partition table

p   print the partition table

q   quit without saving changes

s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

t   change a partition's system id

u   change display/entry units

v   verify the partition table

w   write table to disk and exit

x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): x

——切入专家模式。

Expert command (m for help): c

Number of cylinders (1-1048576, default 6): 100

——设置cylinders柱面

Expert command (m for help): h

Number of heads (1-256, default 255): 16

——设置heads

Expert command (m for help): s

Number of sectors (1-63, default 63): 63

——设置每个track的sector数

Expert command (m for help): r

——返回至普通模式

Command (m for help): n

——创建新分区

Partition type:

p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

e   extended

Select (default p): p

Partition number (1-4, default 2): 1

——创建基础分区，分区数为1

First sector (2048-100799, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-100799, default 100799):

Using default value 100799

——设置起始和结束的sector，直接回车采用默认的即可

Command (m for help): a

Partition number (1-4): 1

——设置可引导的分区

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

——将分区表写入磁盘并退出

Syncing disks.

3、检查一下格式化的结果

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#fdisk -lu disk.img

Disk disk.img: 51 MB, 51609600 bytes

16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 100 cylinders, total 100800 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x379f62f8

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

disk.img1   *        2048      100799       49376   83  Linux

4、kpartx在linux上不是默认安装的，需要另外安装一下。

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#sudo apt-get install kpartx

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

kpartx is already the newest version.

0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 53 not upgraded.

5、将disk.img映射至loop设备，同时会在/dev/mapper目录下生成分区设备

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#kpartx -av disk.img

add map loop1p1 (252:0): 0 98752 linear /dev/loop1 2048

通过查看kpartx的执行结果，可以知道disk.img映射到了哪个设备上，该设备文件类似loop*p1，

除此之外，同样可以通过查看/dev/mapper目录的文件名来得知。

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#ls -l /dev/mapper/

total 0

crw------- 1 root root  10, 236  7月 17 06:23 control

brw-r--r-- 1 root root 252,   0  7月 19 13:26 loop1p1

6、将设备初始化为文件系统

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#mkfs /dev/mapper/loop1p1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)

Discarding device blocks: done

warning: 223 blocks unused.

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=1024 (log=0)

Fragment size=1024 (log=0)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

12384 inodes, 49153 blocks

2456 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=1

Maximum filesystem blocks=50593792

6 block groups

8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group

2064 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

8193, 24577, 40961

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

8、将设备挂载到目录/mnt/img/，这里是使用以前已经创建好的目录，可以自行创建。

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#mount /dev/mapper/loop1p1 /mnt/img/

9、将grub安装到镜像中。

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#grub-install --no-floppy --boot-directory=/mnt/img /dev/loop1

Installing for i386-pc platform.

Installation finished. No error reported.

10、安装内核，将linux内核拷贝到镜像中。

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#cp /boot/vmlinuz-3.14.12 /mnt/img/vmlinuz

11、配置grub.cfg文件。

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#vim /mnt/img/grub/grub.cfg

grub.cfg文件内容为：

# Timeout for menu

set timeout=10

# Set default boot entry as Entry0

set default=0

# Entry0- Load Linux kernel

menuentry "Linux" {

set root=(hd0,1)

linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1

}

12、卸载设备。

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#umount /mnt/img/

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#kpartx -d disk.img

loop deleted : /dev/loop1

13、往后需要更新内核的时候，设备挂载操作：

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#kpartx -av disk.img

add map loop1p1 (252:0): 0 98752 linear /dev/loop1 2048

root@Jean-vm:/home/jeanleo/bochs#mount /dev/mapper/loop1p1 /mnt/img/

bochsrc文件配置：

megs: 2000

romimage: file=$BXSHARE/BIOS-bochs-latest

vgaromimage: file=$BXSHARE/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest

ata0-master: type=disk, path="disk.img", cylinders=100, heads=16, spt=63

boot: c

log: bochsout.txt

mouse: enabled=0

cpu: ips=15000000

clock: sync=both