python添加环境变量代码_windows环境用python修改环境变量的注意点（含代码）

1、部分环境变量字段需要保留原来的值，只是做添加，不可以替换

2、Path和PATH对于python来说是一样的，也就是说存在名为Path的环境变量时，添加PATH的环境变量，会覆盖原有的Path环境变量，需要做判断

3、java_home之类的home路径，若原先已存在路径，哪怕已添加路径，系统也只会从第一个路径查找，而不是新添加的路径查找

4、java安装后配置环境变量时，要注意环境变量是配置在哪个用户下面，所有用户公用的是SYSTEM用户的环境变量

5、设定安装路径时，使用C:\而不是C:\\，否则安装后由于tomcat或java的path为C:\\java之类的，导致系统报错

The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly

This environment variable is needed to run this program

NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE

这个报错也可能是windows的本地环境与远程执行环境不同导致的，为了方便，全部用python调用底层api去运行程序或进程或服务，在运行的bat开头set环境变量，然后解决了

代码如下：

# coding=utf8

import os

import sys

from subprocess import check_call

if sys.hexversion > 0x03000000:

import winreg

else:

import _winreg as winreg

import subprocess

def run_cmd(cmd, cwd=None, runas=None):

u"""

运行cmd命令。

"""

if not sys.platform.startswith('win') and runas and runas != 'root':

cmd = 'su - {} -c "{}"'.format(runas, cmd)

# logger.info(cmd)

proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd,

stdout=subprocess.PIPE,

stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,

shell=True,

cwd=cwd)

return proc

def get_output(cmd, cwd=None, wait=True, runas=None):

u"""

获得命令执行后的标准输出或错误输出。

"""

proc = run_cmd(cmd, cwd=cwd, runas=runas)

lines = []

if wait:

while proc.poll() is None:

if proc.stdout:

lines.extend(proc.stdout.readlines())

lines.extend(proc.stdout.readlines())

return lines

class Win32Environment:

"""Utility class to get/set windows environment variable"""

def __init__(self, scope):

# assert scope in ('user', 'system')

self.scope = scope

if scope == 'user':

self.root = winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER

self.subkey = 'Environment'

else:

self.root = winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

self.subkey = r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment'

def search(self, name):

key = winreg.OpenKey(self.root, self.subkey, 0, winreg.KEY_READ)

key_value = ''

try:

i = 0

while i >= 0:

key_value, path, value = winreg.EnumValue(key, i)

i += 1

if key_value == name:

break

except:

key_value = ''

return key_value

def getenv(self, name):

key = winreg.OpenKey(self.root, self.subkey, 0, winreg.KEY_READ)

try:

value, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, name)

except:

value = ''

return value

def setenv(self, name, value):

# Note: for 'system' scope, you must run this as Administrator

key = winreg.OpenKey(self.root, self.subkey, 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)

winreg.SetValueEx(key, name, 0, winreg.REG_EXPAND_SZ, value)

winreg.CloseKey(key)

# For some strange reason, calling SendMessage from the current process

# doesn't propagate environment changes at all.

# TODO: handle CalledProcessError (for assert)

check_call(

'''\"%s" -c "import win32api, win32con;assert win32api.SendMessage(win32con.HWND_BROADCAST, win32con.WM_SETTINGCHANGE,0, 'Environment')"''' % sys.executable)

def get_userenv(self, name):

# Note: for 'system' scope, you must run this as Administrator

key = winreg.OpenKey(self.root, self.subkey, 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)

value, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, name)

return value

def set_env_path(env_obj, env_name, env_path,refresh=False):

need_add = False

path_values = None

exist_path = None

if env_obj.search(env_name):

exist_path = env_obj.get_userenv(env_name)

if not exist_path and env_obj.search(env_name.upper()):

exist_path = env_obj.get_userenv(env_name.upper())

if refresh:

exist_path=None

if exist_path:

path_values = [i for i in exist_path.split(';')]

for i in env_path.split(';'):

if i not in path_values:

path_values.append(i)

need_add = True

if not need_add and path_values:

return '已添加环境变量{}:{}'.format(env_name, exist_path)

if path_values:

env_path = ';'.join(path_values)

env_obj.setenv(env_name, os.path.expanduser(env_path))

path_value = env_obj.get_userenv(env_name)

return '已添加环境变量{}:{}'.format(env_name, path_value)

if __name__ == '__main__':

env_obj = Win32Environment(scope="SYSTEM")

print set_env_path(env_obj, 'JAVA_HOME', java_home,refresh=True)

print set_env_path(env_obj, 'Path', '%JAVA_HOME%\\bin;%JAVA_HOME%\\jre\\bin')

print set_env_path(env_obj, 'CLASSPATH',

'.;%JAVA_HOME%\\lib\\dt.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\\lib\\tools.jar')