python绘图作品_学会turtle库绘图，玩转整个冬天

Turtle，也叫海龟渲染器，使用Turtle库画图也叫海龟作图。Turtle库是Python语言中一个很流行的绘制图像的函数库。海龟渲染器，和各种三维软件都有着良好的结合。功能强大，使用方便。该渲染器的特色在于其渲染速度可以优海龟渲染器，和各种三维软件都有着良好的结合。使用之前需要导入库：import turtle

绘图命令

操纵海龟绘图有着许多的命令,这些命令可以划分为3种:

一种为运动命令； 一种为画笔控制命令； 还有一种是全局控制命令；

(1) 画笔运动命令:

命令

说明

turtle.forward(distance)

向当前画笔方向移动distance像素长

turtle.backward(distance)

向当前画笔相反方向移动distance像素长度

turtle.right(degree)

顺时针移动degree°

turtle.left(degree)

逆时针移动degree°

turtle.pendown()

移动时绘制图形,缺省时也为绘制

turtle.goto(x,y)

将画笔移动到坐标为x,y的位置

turtle.penup()

移动时不绘制图形,提起笔，用于另起一个地方绘制时用

turtle.speed(speed)

画笔绘制的速度范围[0,10]整数

turtle.circle()

画圆,半径为正(负),表示圆心在画笔的左边(右边)画圆

(2) 画笔控制命令:

命令

说明

turtle.pensize(width)

绘制图形时的宽度

turtle.pencolor()

画笔颜色

turtle.fillcolor(colorstring)

绘制图形的填充颜色

turtle.color(color1, color2)

同时设置pencolor=color1, fillcolor=color2

turtle.filling()

返回当前是否在填充状态

turtle.begin_fill()

准备开始填充图形

turtle.end_fill()

填充完成；

turtle.hideturtle()

隐藏箭头显示；

turtle.showturtle()

与hideturtle()函数对应

(3) 全局控制命令

命令

说明

turtle.clear()

清空turtle窗口，但是turtle的位置和状态不会改变

turtle.reset()

清空窗口，重置turtle状态为起始状态

turtle.undo()

撤销上一个turtle动作

turtle.isvisible()

返回当前turtle是否可见

stamp()

复制当前图形

turtle.write(s[,font=("font-name",fontsize,"fonttype")])

写文本，s为文本内容，font是字体的参数，里面分别为字体名称，大小和类型；font为可选项, font的参数也是可选项

（4）命令详解

turtle.colormode(mode)

1.0:RGB小数模式 255:RGB整数模式

turtle.penup() 别名 turtle.pu() 画笔抬起，不留下痕迹

turtle.pendown() 别名turtle.pd()`画笔落下，留下痕迹

turtle.pensize(width) 别名 turtle.width(width)画笔宽度

turtle.pencolor(color)

turtle.pencolor("purple")颜色字符串 turtle.pencolor(0.63,0.13,0.94)RGB的小数值　　　　　turtle.pencolor((0.63,0.13,0.94))RGB的元组值

turtle.forword(d) 别名 turtle.fd(d)向前行进 d：行进距离，可以为负数

turtle.circle(r,extent=None)根据半径r，绘制一个extent角度的弧度 r：默认圆心在海龟左侧r距离的位置

turtle.setheading(angle) 别名 turtle.seth(angle)改变行进方向

angle：改变方向的角度（绝对坐标下，绝对角度）

turtle.left(angle) turtle.right(angle) angle：当前方向上转过得角度

让我们用 “社会人” 的方式来练习一下

from turtle import *def nose(x,y): """画鼻子""" pensize(5) pencolor((255, 155, 192)) penup() # 将海龟移动到指定的坐标 goto(x,y) pendown() # 设置海龟的方向（0-东、90-北、180-西、270-南） setheading(-30) begin_fill() fillcolor(255, 192, 203) a = 0.4 for i in range(120): if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i <90: a = a + 0.08 # 向左转3度 left(3) # 向前走 forward(a) else: a = a - 0.08 left(3) forward(a) end_fill() penup() setheading(90) forward(25) setheading(0) forward(10) pendown() # 设置画笔的颜色(红, 绿, 蓝) pencolor(255, 155, 192) setheading(10) begin_fill() circle(5) color(160, 82, 45) end_fill() penup() setheading(0) forward(20) pendown() pencolor(255, 155, 192) setheading(10) begin_fill() circle(5) color(160, 82, 45) end_fill()def head(x, y): """画头""" color((255, 155, 192), "pink") penup() goto(x,y) setheading(0) pendown() begin_fill() setheading(180) circle(300, -30) circle(100, -60) circle(80, -100) circle(150, -20) circle(60, -95) setheading(161) circle(-300, 15) penup() goto(-100, 100) pendown() setheading(-30) a = 0.4 for i in range(60): if 0<= i < 30 or 60 <= i < 90: a = a + 0.08 lt(3) #向左转3度 fd(a) #向前走a的步长 else: a = a - 0.08 lt(3) fd(a) end_fill()def ears(x,y): """画耳朵""" color((255, 155, 192), "pink") penup() goto(x, y) pendown() begin_fill() setheading(100) circle(-50, 50) circle(-10, 120) circle(-50, 54) end_fill() penup() setheading(90) forward(-12) setheading(0) forward(30) pendown() begin_fill() setheading(90) circle(-50, 50) circle(-10, 120) circle(-50, 56) end_fill()def eyes(x,y): """画眼睛""" color((255, 155, 192), "white") penup() setheading(90) forward(-20) setheading(0) forward(-95) pendown() begin_fill() circle(15) end_fill() color("black") penup() setheading(90) forward(12) setheading(0) forward(-3) pendown() begin_fill() circle(3) end_fill() color((255, 155, 192), "white") penup() seth(90) forward(-25) seth(0) forward(40) pendown() begin_fill() circle(15) end_fill() color("black") penup() setheading(90) forward(12) setheading(0) forward(-3) pendown() begin_fill() circle(3) end_fill()def cheek(x,y): """画脸颊""" color((255, 155, 192)) penup() goto(x,y) pendown() setheading(0) begin_fill() circle(30) end_fill()def mouth(x,y): """画嘴巴""" color(239, 69, 19) penup() goto(x, y) pendown() setheading(-80) circle(30, 40) circle(40, 80)def body(x,y): '''画身体''' penup() goto(x,y) pencolor('red') fillcolor(250,106,106) pendown() begin_fill() setheading(-66) circle(-450,17) setheading(180) forward(185) setheading(85) circle(-450,17) end_fill() '''右手''' penup() goto(110,-45) pendown() pensize(8) pencolor(255, 192, 203) setheading(30) circle(-400,10) penup() goto(167,-5) pendown() setheading(-120) forward(20) left(100) forward(20) '''左手''' penup() goto(-25,-45) pendown() pencolor(255, 192, 203) setheading(150) circle(400,10) penup() goto(-78,-6) pendown() setheading(-60) forward(20) right(100) forward(20)def feet1(x,y): pensize(7) pencolor(255, 192, 203) penup() goto(x,y) setheading(-90) pendown() forward(10) penup() goto(x-12,y-10) pendown() pencolor(238,201,0) fillcolor(238,230,132) begin_fill() setheading(0) forward(24) right(90) forward(36) right(90) forward(40) circle(-10,180) forward(16) left(90) forward(12) end_fill()def feet2(x,y): pensize(7) pencolor(255, 192, 203) penup() goto(x,y) setheading(-90) pendown() forward(10) penup() goto(x-12,y-10) pendown() pencolor(238,201,0) fillcolor(238,230,132) begin_fill() setheading(0) forward(24) right(90) forward(36) right(90) forward(40) circle(-10,180) forward(16) left(90) forward(12) end_fill()def tail(x,y): pensize(8) penup() goto(x,y) pendown() pencolor(255, 192, 203) setheading(-5) circle(30,100) circle(10,180) circle(20,150)def backg(x): penup() goto(-420,x) setheading(0) fillcolor(50,205,50) begin_fill() forward(840) right(90) forward(300) right(90) forward(840) right(90) forward(300) end_fill() setheading(0) fillcolor(0,191,255) begin_fill() forward(840) left(90) forward(600) left(90) forward(840) left(90) forward(600) end_fill()def cloude1(x, y): """画云""" penup() goto(x,y) setheading(90) fillcolor(255,255,255) begin_fill() a = 0.4 for i in range(120): if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i <90: a = a + 0.14 # 向左转3度 left(3) # 向前走 forward(a) else: a = a - 0.15 left(3) forward(a) end_fill()def cloude2(x, y): """画云""" penup() goto(x,y) setheading(90) fillcolor(255,255,255) begin_fill() a = 0.4 for i in range(120): if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i <90: a = a + 0.15 # 向左转3度 left(3) # 向前走 forward(a) else: a = a - 0.13 left(3) forward(a) end_fill()def setting(): """设置参数""" pensize(5) # 隐藏海龟 hideturtle() colormode(255) color((255, 155, 192), "pink") setup(840, 700) speed(10)def main(): """主函数""" setting() backg(0) body(105,-20) nose(-100, 100) head(-69, 167) ears(0, 160) eyes(0, 140) cheek(80, 10) mouth(-20, 30) feet1(10,-150) feet2(90,-150) tail(130,-110) cloude1(-200,200) cloude2(300,300) done()if __name__ == '__main__': main()复制代码

turtle作品

1、五角星

import turtleturtle.color('red','red')turtle.begin_fill()for i in range(5): turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(144)turtle.end_fill()turtle.hideturtle()turtle.done()复制代码

2、粉色心

import turtlet = turtle.Turtle()t.speed(0)def curvemove(): for i in range(200): t.right(1) t.forward(1)t.color('red','pink')t.begin_fill()t.left(140)t.forward(111.65)curvemove()t.left(120)curvemove()t.forward(111.65)t.end_fill()t.hideturtle()turtle.done()复制代码

3、奥运五环

import turtle # 导入turtle模块turtle.width(5) # 确定圆圈的宽度turtle.circle(60) # 确定圆的半径turtle.penup()turtle.forward(140)turtle.pendown()turtle.color("red") # 确定圆圈的颜色turtle.circle(60)turtle.penup()turtle.forward(140)turtle.pendown()turtle.color("yellow")turtle.circle(60)turtle.penup() turtle.goto(210, -50) turtle.pendown() turtle.color("blue") turtle.circle(60) turtle.penup()turtle.goto(60, -50)turtle.pendown()turtle.color("green")turtle.circle(60)turtle.done()复制代码

4、时钟1

复制代码

# coding=utf-8

import turtle

from datetime import *

# 抬起画笔，向前运动一段距离放下

def Skip(step):

turtle.penup()

turtle.forward(step)

turtle.pendown()

def mkHand(name, length):

# 注册Turtle形状，建立表针Turtle

turtle.reset()

Skip(-length * 0.1)

# 开始记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的第一个顶点。

turtle.begin_poly()

turtle.forward(length * 1.1)

# 停止记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的最后一个顶点。将与第一个顶点相连。

turtle.end_poly()

# 返回最后记录的多边形。

handForm = turtle.get_poly()

turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)

def Init():

global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer

# 重置Turtle指向北

turtle.mode("logo")

# 建立三个表针Turtle并初始化

mkHand("secHand", 135)

mkHand("minHand", 125)

mkHand("hurHand", 90)

secHand = turtle.Turtle()

secHand.shape("secHand")

minHand = turtle.Turtle()

minHand.shape("minHand")

hurHand = turtle.Turtle()

hurHand.shape("hurHand")

for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:

hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)

hand.speed(0)

# 建立输出文字Turtle

printer = turtle.Turtle()

# 隐藏画笔的turtle形状

printer.hideturtle()

printer.penup()

def SetupClock(radius):

# 建立表的外框

turtle.reset()

turtle.pensize(7)

turtle.pencolor("#ff5500")

turtle.fillcolor("green")

for i in range(60):

Skip(radius)

if i % 5 == 0:

turtle.forward(20)

Skip(-radius - 20)

Skip(radius + 20)

if i == 0:

turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

elif i == 30:

Skip(25)

turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

Skip(-25)

elif (i == 25 or i == 35):

Skip(20)

turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

Skip(-20)

else:

turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

Skip(-radius - 20)

else:

turtle.dot(5)

Skip(-radius)

turtle.right(6)

def Week(t):

week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三",

"星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]

return week[t.weekday()]

def Date(t):

y = t.year

m = t.month

d = t.day

return "%s-%d-%d" % (y, m, d)

def Tick():

# 绘制表针的动态显示

t = datetime.today()

second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001

minute = t.minute + second / 60.0

hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0

secHand.setheading(6 * second)

minHand.setheading(6 * minute)

hurHand.setheading(30 * hour)

turtle.tracer(False)

printer.forward(65)

printer.write(Week(t), align="center",

font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

printer.back(130)

printer.write(Date(t), align="center",

font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

printer.home()

turtle.tracer(True)

# 100ms后继续调用tick

turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)

def main():

# 打开/关闭龟动画，并为更新图纸设置延迟。

turtle.tracer(False)

Init()

SetupClock(160)

turtle.tracer(True)

Tick()

turtle.mainloop()

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()复制代码

时钟2

from turtle import *from datetime import *def Skip(step): penup() forward(step) pendown()def mkHand(name, length): #注册Turtle形状，建立表针Turtle reset() Skip(-length*0.1) begin_poly() forward(length*1.1) end_poly() handForm = get_poly() register_shape(name, handForm)#通过上述代码得到了3个表针的对象def Init(): global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer mode("logo")# 重置Turtle指向北 #建立三个表针Turtle并初始化 mkHand("secHand", 125) mkHand("minHand", 130) mkHand("hurHand", 90)#建立3个表针初始化 secHand = Turtle()#Turtle是turtle模块中的一个类，这样将三个表针实例化 secHand.shape("secHand")#建立秒针对象，shape是Turtle类中的方法 minHand = Turtle() minHand.shape("minHand")#分针对象 hurHand = Turtle() hurHand.shape("hurHand")#时针对象 for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand: hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3) hand.speed(0)#速度最快，设为其他数时，有一个变化过程。 #建立输出文字Turtle printer = Turtle()#同样实例化，将输出文字为类的一个对象 printer.hideturtle() printer.penup()def SetupClock(radius): #建立表的外框 reset() pensize(7) for i in range(60): Skip(radius) if i % 5 == 0: forward(20) Skip(-radius-20) else: dot(5) Skip(-radius) right(6)def Week(t): week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三", "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"] return week[t.weekday()]def Date(t): y = t.year m = t.month d = t.day return "%s %d %d" % (y, m, d)def Tick(): #绘制表针的动态显示 t = datetime.today() second = t.second + t.microsecond*0.000001 minute = t.minute + second/60.0 hour = t.hour + minute/60.0 secHand.setheading(6*second)#表针对象中的setheading方法接受参数，设置当前朝向角度 minHand.setheading(6*minute) hurHand.setheading(30*hour) tracer(False) printer.forward(65) printer.write(Week(t), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold")) printer.back(130) printer.write(Date(t), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold")) printer.home() tracer(True) ontimer(Tick, 100)#100ms后继续调用tickdef main(): tracer(False) Init() SetupClock(160) tracer(True) Tick() mainloop()if __name__ == "__main__": main()复制代码

5、树1

from turtle import *from random import *from math import *def tree(n, l): pd() # 下笔 # 阴影效果 t = cos(radians(heading() + 45)) / 8 + 0.25 pencolor(t, t, t) pensize(n / 3) forward(l) # 画树枝 if n > 0: b = random() * 15 + 10 # 右分支偏转角度 c = random() * 15 + 10 # 左分支偏转角度 d = l * (random() * 0.25 + 0.7) # 下一个分支的长度 # 右转一定角度，画右分支 right(b) tree(n - 1, d) # 左转一定角度，画左分支 left(b + c) tree(n - 1, d) # 转回来 right(c) else: # 画叶子 right(90) n = cos(radians(heading() - 45)) / 4 + 0.5 pencolor(n, n*0.8, n*0.8) circle(3) left(90) # 添加0.3倍的飘落叶子 if(random() > 0.7): pu() # 飘落 t = heading() an = -40 + random()*40 setheading(an) dis = int(800*random()*0.5 + 400*random()*0.3 + 200*random()*0.2) forward(dis) setheading(t) # 画叶子 pd() right(90) n = cos(radians(heading() - 45)) / 4 + 0.5 pencolor(n*0.5+0.5, 0.4+n*0.4, 0.4+n*0.4) circle(2) left(90) pu() #返回 t = heading() setheading(an) backward(dis) setheading(t) pu() backward(l)# 退回bgcolor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) # 背景色ht() # 隐藏turtlespeed(0) # 速度，1-10渐进，0最快tracer(0, 0)pu() # 抬笔backward(100)left(90) # 左转90度pu() # 抬笔backward(300) # 后退300tree(12, 100) # 递归7层done()复制代码

6、树

import turtleimport randomfrom turtle import *from time import sleept = turtle.Turtle()w = turtle.Screen()def tree(branchLen, t): if branchLen > 3: if 8 <= branchLen <= 12: if random.randint(0, 2) == 0: t.color('snow') else: t.color('lightcoral') t.pensize(branchLen / 3) elif branchLen < 8: if random.randint(0, 1) == 0: t.color('snow') else: t.color('lightcoral') t.pensize(branchLen / 2) else: t.color('sienna') t.pensize(branchLen / 10) t.forward(branchLen) a = 1.5 * random.random() t.right(20*a) b = 1.5 * random.random() tree(branchLen-10*b, t) t.left(40*a) tree(branchLen-10*b, t) t.right(20*a) t.up() t.backward(branchLen) t.down()def petal(m, t): # 树下花瓣 for i in range(m): a = 200 - 400 * random.random() b = 10 - 20 * random.random() t.up() t.forward(b) t.left(90) t.forward(a) t.down() t.color("lightcoral") t.circle(1) t.up() t.backward(a) t.right(90) t.backward(b)def main(): t = turtle.Turtle() myWin = turtle.Screen() getscreen().tracer(5, 0) turtle.screensize(bg='wheat') t.left(90) t.up() t.backward(150) t.down() t.color('sienna') tree(60, t) petal(100, t) myWin.exitonclick()main()复制代码

7、树

from turtle import *from random import *from math import *def tree(n, l): pd() t = cos(radians(heading() + 45)) / 8 + 0.25 pencolor(t, t, t) pensize(n / 4) forward(l) if n > 0: b = random() * 15 + 10 c = random() * 15 + 10 d = l * (random() * 0.35 + 0.6) right(b) tree(n - 1, d) left(b + c) tree(n - 1, d) right(c) else: right(90) n = cos(radians(heading() - 45)) / 4 + 0.5 pencolor(n, n, n) circle(2) left(90) pu() backward(l)bgcolor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)ht()speed(0)tracer(0, 0)left(90)pu()backward(300)tree(13, 100)done()复制代码