java多种监听器的使用_【Listener教科书】科普JavaWeb中的多种监听器及用法（知识总结）...

1、了解监听器

1.1 什么是监听器

监听器就是一个实现了特定接口的Java类。这个Java类用来监听另外一个Java类的方法调用或者属性改变。当被监听的对象的发生上述的事件后。监听器某个方法就会当即执行。html

1.1.1 监听器的组件

监听器能够大体分为四个组件(方便理解)java

事件源：事件发生的源头

监听器：监听事件发生

绑定：将监听器绑定到事件源

事件：可以触发监听器的事

1.2 什么是Servlet监听器

在Servlet的规范中定义了多种类型的监听器。监听器用来分别监听 ServletContext、HttpSession、ServletRequest三个域对象的web

1.2.1 Servlet监听器的组件

Servlet监听器的组件大体分为四个组件浏览器

事件源：request域对象、session域对象、ServletContext域对象

监听器：Servlet三种监听器

绑定：配置web.xml

事件：域对象发生改变

1.3 Servlet监听器的分类

Servlet规范中提供了8个监听器服务器

按功能进行划分将其分红三类，以下：session

一类：监听三个域对象的建立和销毁的监听器

二类：监听三个域对象的属性变动的监听器。(属性添加、属性移除、属性替换)

三类：监听HttpSession对象中的JavaBean的状态的改变。(绑定、解除绑定、钝化、活化)

2、监听器的开发步骤

自定义类实现一类监听器

重写监听器中的方法

配置xml配置文件或注解配置

/**

* 监听器开发步骤

*/

public class FirstListener implements ServletContextListener {

@Override

public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

/**

* 监听ServletContext域的初始化,随着服务器的启动

*/

System.out.println("ServletContext初始化");

}

@Override

public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

//监听ServletContext域的销毁，随着服务器的关闭

System.out.println("ServletContext销毁");

}

}

3、监听器的配置方式

3.1 xml配置

com.mylifes1110.java.listener.FirstListener

3.2 注解配置

@WebListener，加了该注解默认配置了监听器app

package com.mylifes1110.java.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

/**

* 监听器开发步骤

*/

@WebListener

public class FirstListener implements ServletContextListener {

@Override

public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

/**

* 监听ServletContext域的初始化,随着服务器的启动

*/

System.out.println("ServletContext初始化");

}

@Override

public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

/**

* 监听ServletContext域的销毁，随着服务器的关闭

*/

System.out.println("ServletContext销毁");

}

}

4、一类监听器

监听三个域对象(ServletContext、Session、Request)的建立与销毁ide

4.1 监听ServletContext域对象

实现ServletContextListener接口并覆盖方法

监听服务器启动的时候建立ServletContext对象时

监听服务器关闭的时候ServletContext对象被销毁掉时

package com.mylifes1110.java.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

/**

* 监听ServletContext

*/

@WebListener

public class TestServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {

@Override

public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

/**

* 监听ServletContext域的初始化,随着服务器的启动

*/

System.out.println("ServletContext初始化");

}

@Override

public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

/**

* 监听ServletContext域的销毁，随着服务器的关闭

*/

System.out.println("ServletContext销毁");

}

}

4.2 监听Session域对象

实现HttpSessionListener接口并覆盖方法

监听服务器端第一次调用getSession方法时

监听session过时或调用了invalidate方法

package com.mylifes1110.java.listener;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

/**

* 监听HttpSession

*/

@WebListener

public class TestHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {

@Override

public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {

System.out.println("Session建立");

}

@Override

public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {

System.out.println("Session销毁");

}

}

Servlet测试svg

package com.mylifes1110.java.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "TestSessionServlet", value = "/tss")

public class TestSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

//建立Session对象

HttpSession session = request.getSession();

System.out.println(session.getId());

//销毁Session对象

session.invalidate();

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

4.3 监听Request域对象

实现ServletRequestListener接口并覆盖方法

监听客户的向服务器发送了一次请求而建立这一个request对象

监听当服务器为此次请求做出了响应以后的request对象销毁

package com.mylifes1110.java.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

/**

* 监听ServletRequest

*/

@WebListener

public class TestServletRequestListener implements ServletRequestListener {

@Override

public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {

System.out.println("Request对象建立");

}

@Override

public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {

System.out.println("Request对象销毁");

}

}

Servlet测试post

package com.mylifes1110.java.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "TestRequestServlet", value = "/trs")

public class TestRequestServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();

System.out.println(requestURI);

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

5、二类监听器

监听三个域对象的属性变动的监听器(属性添加、属性移除、属性替换)

5.1 监听ServletContext属性

实现ServletContextAttributeListener接口并覆盖方法

监听ServletContext域中的属性变动

package com.mylifes1110.java.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

/**

* 监听ServletContext域中的属性变动

*/

@WebListener

public class TestServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {

/**

* 监听ServletContext域对象中属性的添加

*/

@Override

public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {

System.out.println("ServletContext Added");

}

/**

* 监听ServletContext域对象中属性的移除

*/

@Override

public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {

System.out.println("ServletContext Removed");

}

/**

* 监听ServletContext域对象中属性的替换

*/

@Override

public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {

System.out.println("ServletContext Replaced");

}

}

Servlet测试

package com.mylifes1110.java.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "TestServletContextAttributeServlet", value = "/tscas")

public class TestServletContextAttributeServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();

//添加

servletContext.setAttribute("name", "ziph");

//替换

servletContext.setAttribute("name", "join");

//移除

servletContext.removeAttribute("name");

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

5.2 监听Session属性

实现HttpSessionAttributeListener接口并覆盖方法

监听HttpSession域中的属性变动

package com.mylifes1110.java.listener;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;

/**

* 监听Session域中的属性变动

*/

@WebListener

public class TestHttpSessionAttributeListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener {

@Override

public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {

System.out.println("Session Added");

}

@Override

public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {

System.out.println("Session Removed");

}

@Override

public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {

System.out.println("Session Replaced");

}

}

Servlet测试

package com.mylifes1110.java.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* 注意：销毁和移除都能触发监听器的attributeRemoved方法

*/

@WebServlet(name = "TestSessionAttributeServlet", value = "/tsas")

public class TestSessionAttributeServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

HttpSession session = request.getSession();

StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();

buffer.append("ziph");

//添加

session.setAttribute("name", buffer);

buffer.append(" is very good!");

//替换

session.setAttribute("name", buffer);

//移除

session.removeAttribute("name");

//销毁

session.invalidate();

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

5.3 监听Request属性

实现ServletRequestAttributeListener接口并覆盖方法

监听ServletRequest中的属性变动

事件分析：

事件源：JavaBean对象

监听器：HttpSessionBingingListener监听器

绑定：JavaBean对象实现HttpSessionBingbingListener接口(因此才不须要配置xml)

时间：JavaBean对象在Session中状态发生改变

package com.mylifes1110.java.listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

/**

* 监听Request域中的属性变动

*/

@WebListener

public class TestServletRequestAttributeListener implements ServletRequestAttributeListener {

@Override

public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent) {

System.out.println("Request Added");

}

@Override

public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent) {

System.out.println("Request Removed");

}

@Override

public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent) {

System.out.println("Request Replaced");

}

}

Servlet测试

package com.mylifes1110.java.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "TestServletRequestAttributeServlet", value = "/tsras")

public class TestServletRequestAttributeServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();

buffer.append("ziph");

//添加

request.setAttribute("name", buffer);

buffer.append("marry");

//替换

request.setAttribute("name", buffer);

//移除

request.removeAttribute("name");

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

6、三类监听器

HttpSessionBindingListener监听HttpSession中的JavaBean的状态(绑定和解除绑定状态)

package com.mylifes1110.java.bean;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;

/**

* 三类监听器HttpSessionBingingListener

*/

public class User implements HttpSessionBindingListener {

private int id;

private String username;

private String password;

public User() {

}

public User(int id, String username, String password) {

this.id = id;

this.username = username;

this.password = password;

}

@Override

public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {

System.out.println("User对象绑定");

}

@Override

public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {

System.out.println("User对象解绑");

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getUsername() {

return username;

}

public void setUsername(String username) {

this.username = username;

}

public String getPassword() {

return password;

}

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "User{" +

"id=" + id +

", username='" + username + '\'' +

", password='" + password + '\'' +

'}';

}

}

Servlet测试

package com.mylifes1110.java.servlet;

import com.mylifes1110.java.bean.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "TestHttpSessionBingingListenerServlet", value = "/thsbls")

public class TestHttpSessionBingingListenerServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

HttpSession session = request.getSession();

//绑定

session.setAttribute("user", new User(1, "ziph", "123456"));

//解绑

session.removeAttribute("user");

//销毁也是解绑的一种

// session.invalidate();

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

7、浏览器记录登陆认数综合案例

当一个用户登陆成功后，将这个用户记录到在线人数中；同时，若是这个用户注销登陆就从在线 人数中移除。遵循网页站点浏览器访问原则。

原理： 使用三类监听器来监听User实体类对象在Session中的绑定域解绑来控制在线人数

绑定：在线认数+1(登陆)

解绑：在线人数-1(注销)

注意： 在登陆成功后咱们须要使用重定向来跳转登陆页面。由于咱们使用转发的话，在登陆后从新发起请求则请求转发内部处理会从新登陆一次，因此会增长在线人数(+1)。为了不此问题，在跳转登陆页面的时候咱们使用重定向技术！

login.html登陆页面

登录页面

帐号：

密码：

登陆

EncodingFilter过滤器解决乱码问题的xml配置信息

EncodingFilter

com.mylifes1110.java.onlinenumbersdemo.filter.EncodingFilter

encoding

utf-8

EncodingFilter

/*

EncodingFilter过滤器解决乱码问题代码

package com.mylifes1110.java.onlinenumbersdemo.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* 通用Filter解决乱码问题

*/

public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {

private String encoding = null;

@Override

public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");

}

@Override

public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {

servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);

servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);

}

@Override

public void destroy() {

}

}

User实体类对象(三类监听器监听，控制在线人数)

package com.mylifes1110.java.onlinenumbersdemo.bean;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;

/**

* 监听器监听JavaBean对象

*/

public class User implements HttpSessionBindingListener {

private int id;

private String username;

private String password;

public User() {

}

public User(int id, String username, String password) {

this.id = id;

this.username = username;

this.password = password;

}

/**

* 处理统计登陆人数

*/

@Override

public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {

ServletContext servletContext = httpSessionBindingEvent.getSession().getServletContext();

Integer count = (Integer) servletContext.getAttribute("count");

if (count == null) {

count = 1;

} else {

count++;

}

servletContext.setAttribute("count", count);

}

/**

* 处理统计注销人数

*/

@Override

public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {

ServletContext servletContext = httpSessionBindingEvent.getSession().getServletContext();

Integer count = (Integer) servletContext.getAttribute("count");

count--;

servletContext.setAttribute("count", count);

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getUsername() {

return username;

}

public void setUsername(String username) {

this.username = username;

}

public String getPassword() {

return password;

}

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "User{" +

"id=" + id +

", username='" + username + '\'' +

", password='" + password + '\'' +

'}';

}

}

LoginServlet登陆处理

package com.mylifes1110.java.onlinenumbersdemo.servlet;

import com.mylifes1110.java.onlinenumbersdemo.bean.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* 登陆处理

*/

@WebServlet(name = "LoginServlet", value = "/login")

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

String username = request.getParameter("username");

String password = request.getParameter("password");

if ("ziph".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {

User user = new User();

user.setUsername(username);

user.setPassword(password);

request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);

response.sendRedirect("/firstlistener/show");

} else {

request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.html").forward(request, response);

}

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

ShowServlet响应展现页面

package com.mylifes1110.java.onlinenumbersdemo.servlet;

import com.mylifes1110.java.onlinenumbersdemo.bean.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* 展现页面

*/

@WebServlet(name = "ShowServlet", value = "/show")

public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

User user = (User) request.getSession().getAttribute("user");

StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();

if (user == null) {

buffer.append("对不起，您尚未登陆！ 请登陆
");

} else {

buffer.append("欢迎" + user.getUsername() + "回家！ 注销
");

}

Integer count = (Integer) getServletContext().getAttribute("count");

if (count == null) {

buffer.append("在线人数为：0");

} else {

buffer.append("在线人数为：" + count);

}

response.getWriter().println(buffer.toString());

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

LogoutServlet注销功能

package com.mylifes1110.java.onlinenumbersdemo.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* 注销功能

*/

@WebServlet(name = "LogoutServlet", value = "/logout")

public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

request.getSession().removeAttribute("user");

request.getRequestDispatcher("/show").forward(request, response);

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

LogoutServlet注销功能

package com.mylifes1110.java.onlinenumbersdemo.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

* 注销功能

*/

@WebServlet(name = "LogoutServlet", value = "/logout")

public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

request.getSession().removeAttribute("user");

request.getRequestDispatcher("/show").forward(request, response);

}

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

doPost(request, response);

}

}

还请客官多多点赞支持！👍持续分享中…