java 大数相加_Java实现字符串形式大数相加

思路还是比较清晰，用自定义类型保存输入的数据，逐位相加/相减，需要处理好借位及符号。

总共两个类，一个自定义类型Int，一个AddUtil封装加法操作。附带测试类AddUtilTest。代码如下：

Int.java：

package cn.areful;

/**

* Created by areful, 2020/05/02

*/

public class Int {

//符号

public boolean isPositive = true;

//有效长度

public int len;

//各位位数

public int[] digits;

public Int(boolean flag, int len) {

isPositive = flag;

this.len = len;

digits = new int[len];

}

public Int(String s) {

checkValid(s);

char fst = s.charAt(0);

String tmp;

if (fst == '+' || fst == '-') {

isPositive = fst != '-';

len = s.length() - 1;

tmp = s.substring(1);

} else {

len = s.length();

tmp = s;

}

digits = new int[len];

//各位数逆序存放

for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {

digits[i] = tmp.charAt(len - 1 - i) - '0';

}

}

//检查输入是否合法.

private static void checkValid(String s) {

if (!s.matches("(0|([+-]?[1-9]+[0-9]*))")) {

throw new RuntimeException("Invalid String number: " + s);

}

}

//去除结果之前多余的0

public Int stripZero() {

for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

if (digits[i] != 0) {

break;

}

len--;

}

int[] tmp = new int[len];

if (len >= 0) {

System.arraycopy(digits, 0, tmp, 0, len);

}

digits = tmp;

return this;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

//逆序输出

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

sb.append(digits[i]);

}

return !isPositive ? "-" + sb : sb.toString();

}

}

AddUtil.java：

package cn.areful;

/**

* Created by areful, 2020/05/02

*/

public class AddUtil {

public static Int add(Int i1, Int i2) {

if (i1.isPositive && i2.isPositive) {

//都为正数，各位相加，符号为正

return addPositive(i1, i2);

} else if (!i1.isPositive && !i2.isPositive) {

//都为负数，各位相加，符号为负

Int r = addPositive(i1, i2);

r.isPositive = false;

return r;

}

//以下为一正一负

if (i1.len > i2.len) {

//第一个数较长，符号取第一个数符号，各位相减

return subPositive(i1, i2);

} else if (i1.len < i2.len) {

//第二个数较长，符号取第二个数符号，各位相减

return subPositive(i2, i1);

}

//两数长度相等，逐位判断大小

for (int i = i1.len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

int d1 = i1.digits[i];

int d2 = i2.digits[i];

//想等则比较下一位

if (d1 == d2) continue;

if (d1 > d2) {

//第一个数绝对值较大，取第一个数符号，各位相减

return subPositive(i1, i2);

} else {

//第二个数绝对值较大，符号取第二个数符号，各位相减

return subPositive(i2, i1);

}

}

//两数相等，返回0

return new Int("0");

}

//两个正整数相加

private static Int addPositive(Int i1, Int i2) {

int maxLen = Math.max(i1.len, i2.len);

Int r = new Int(true, maxLen + 1);

int carry = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < maxLen; i++) {

int c1 = i >= i1.len ? 0 : i1.digits[i];

int c2 = i >= i2.len ? 0 : i2.digits[i];

int c = c1 + c2 + carry;

carry = c > 9 ? 1 : 0;

r.digits[i] = c % 10;

}

if (carry == 1) {

r.digits[maxLen] = 1;

r.len = maxLen + 1;

} else {

r.len = maxLen;

}

return r;

}

//两个正整数相减，第一个数要大于第二个数

private static Int subPositive(Int i1, Int i2) {

Int r = new Int(i1.isPositive, i1.len);

int carry = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < i1.len; i++) {

int c1 = i1.digits[i] + carry;

int c2 = i >= i2.len ? 0 : i2.digits[i];

if (c1 < c2) {

carry = -1;

c1 += 10;

} else {

carry = 0;

}

int c = c1 - c2;

r.digits[i] = c % 10;

}

return r.stripZero();

}

}

AddUtilTest：

package cn.areful;

import org.junit.Assert;

import org.junit.Test;

/**

* Created by areful, 2020/05/02

*/

public class AddUtilTest {

@Test

public void testPositiveAdd() {

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("1234"), new Int("1234")).toString(), "2468");

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("456"), new Int("789")).toString(), "1245");

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("0"), new Int("1000")).toString(), "1000");

}

@Test

public void testNegativeAdd() {

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("-1234"), new Int("-1234")).toString(), "-2468");

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("-150"), new Int("-1550")).toString(), "-1700");

}

@Test

public void testFixedAdd() {

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("1234"), new Int("-1234")).toString(), "0");

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("1500"), new Int("-155")).toString(), "1345");

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("-150"), new Int("1550")).toString(), "1400");

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("0"), new Int("0")).toString(), "0");

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("0"), new Int("-1234")).toString(), "-1234");

Assert.assertEquals(AddUtil.add(new Int("-1234"), new Int("0")).toString(), "-1234");

}

}