关于Selenium 自动化测试工具

1.Selenium 自动化测试工具用于自动化测试

2.他可以通过代码来实现自动化登录网页

3.每个网页里面都有一个 Cookies 作为保存登录信息

4.Cookies 一般以Jason 格式进行存储如下：

[{"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1552482750.048655, "httpOnly": false, "name": "PCSYCityID", "path": "/", "secure": true, "value": "1"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "httpOnly": false, "name": "__jdc", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "122270672"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1554643130.713371, "httpOnly": false, "name": "_tp", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "qkjRKSg7vsFh3rswdyu5iQ%3D%3D"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1554643130.713143, "httpOnly": false, "name": "pin", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "zhou20190301"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1552915108, "httpOnly": false, "name": "areaId", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "1"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "httpOnly": false, "name": "ceshi3.com", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "000"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1583587130.712998, "httpOnly": false, "name": "pinId", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "ii9grFQF2_jiwwNW6xvzgg"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 2415618749, "httpOnly": false, "name": "shshshfpa", "path": "/", "secure": true, "value": "e4c34cc6-6f68-925c-0a51-302bf7cecbc8-1551618749"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 2416051131, "httpOnly": false, "name": "shshshfpb", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "oX%2F4sMw3cxffipxlDiOVBOw%3D%3D"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1552915108, "httpOnly": false, "name": "ipLoc-djd", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "1-72-0"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1554643130.713475, "httpOnly": true, "name": "_pst", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "zhou20190301"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1554643130.713284, "httpOnly": true, "name": "unick", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "zhou20190301"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1567603132.479735, "httpOnly": false, "name": "__jdu", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "1551618748597246288311"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1567603130, "httpOnly": false, "name": "__jda", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "122270672.1551618748597246288311.1551618749.1551618749.1552051106.2"}, {"domain": "www.jd.com", "expiry": 1583587130, "httpOnly": false, "name": "o2Control", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "webp"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1552914748, "httpOnly": false, "name": "__jdv", "path": "/", "secure": true, "value": "122270672|direct|-|none|-|1551618748599"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 2416051131, "httpOnly": false, "name": "shshshfp", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "4e6601ce7f9371acf5929642a76c8be1"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1709731130.712733, "httpOnly": false, "name": "TrackID", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "1yIZ9AzrGsQtCJKWRlvbCmTZz9NgC3_-jeWnqlJIa3CVkP0hYoHZCVHJmcktNd0atwxUz-8vowc_Ussbd_Fw7cMewxsXzBlWuUWJIyJOaQ44"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "httpOnly": true, "name": "thor", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "6C3C270E6F8CBB33E27C7826643AC78C098FAD722B4DD2662A377D7D879F704D8C00E792DBA62B76DEF115628A3C069C1A3FB2B9FF3988749EB83AFF3F7A377D7EF53F30D9043ED8A9438983F597779FFA0807235A089955846FAADCC582F531C89E2FF3BC696E80445ADE00DC615DEEA8241BBD980D78AE5CFB3BC0E344ED9C30A79CDD4084112D5F1E7179230C6B66"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1552052930, "httpOnly": false, "name": "__jdb", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "122270672.6.1551618748597246288311|2.1552051106"}, {"domain": ".jd.com", "expiry": 1552052931, "httpOnly": false, "name": "shshshsID", "path": "/", "secure": false, "value": "3c10a1e9fa062447542af92564301de4_2_1552051131633"}]

5.自动化测试代码

流程：
1.导包
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time

2.定位元素
"""
基本定位方法：
find_element_by_id  # 属性id
find_element_by_name  # 属性name
find_element_by_link_text # 用文字链接方式进行定位
find_element_by_partial_link_text # 用局部文字链接方式进行定位
find_element_by_tag_name  # 标签名字
find_element_by_class_name # class = "" 

find_element_by_css_selector # css选择器定位
find_element_by_xpath  #

# 可以一下定位很多元素的方法
find_elements_by_id  # 属性id
find_elements_by_name  # 属性name
find_elements_by_link_text # 用文字链接方式进行定位
find_elements_by_partial_link_text # 用局部文字链接方式进行定位
find_elements_by_tag_name  # 标签名字
find_elements_by_class_name # class = ""

find_elements_by_css_selector # css选择器定位
find_elements_by_xpath  # 
"""

3：捕捉浏览器（浏览器驱动装载+驱动获取网址）
try:
    driver = webdriver.Chrome("/Users/nickyu/01-homework-yjnick/chromedriver")
    driver.get("https://www.jd.com")
    # search_element = driver.find_element_by_id("key")
    # search_element.send_keys("电脑")
    # search_element.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

    # 点一下左侧菜单栏中的家用电器
    # menu_item = driver.find_element_by_class_name("cate_menu_lk")
    # menu_item.click()

    # 用文字链接的方式来进行定位
    # link_text = driver.find_element_by_link_text("手机")
    # link_text.click()

    # link_text = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("汽车用")
    # link_text.click()

    # x_path = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=\"J_cate\"]/ul/li[2]/a[2]")
    # x_path.click()
    css = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#J_cate > ul > li:nth-child(4) > a:nth-child(7)")
    css.click()

4：最终执行代码(时间休眠+驱动退出)
finally:
    time.sleep(3)
    driver.quit()