相位噪声matlab fft,相位噪声

A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal

versus frequency within the full frequency range of the

instrument.

频谱分析仪测量输入信号仪器整个频率范围内的频率的幅度。

The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known

and unknown signals.

主要应用是测量已知和未知信号频谱的功率。

By analyzing the spectra of electrical signals, dominant

frequency, power, distortion, harmonics, bandwidth, and other

spectral components of a signal can be observed that are not easily

detectable in time domain waveforms. These parameters are useful in

the characterization of electronic devices, such as wireless

transmitters.

通过分析电信号的频谱，可以观察到在时域波形中不容易检测的信号，主要有频率，功率，失真，谐波，带宽和信号的其它频谱分量。

这些参数可用于表征电子设备，例如无线发射器。

Swept-tuned

As discussed above in types, a swept-tuned spectrum analyzer

down-converts a portion of the input signal spectrum to the center

frequency of a band-pass filter by sweeping the voltage-controlled

oscillator through a range of frequencies, enabling the

consideration of the full frequency range of the instrument.

如上所述，通过在一定频率范围内扫描压控振荡器，扫频调谐频谱分析仪将输入信号频谱的一部分下变频到带通滤波器的中心频率，从而能够考虑仪器的全频率范围。

The bandwidth of the band-pass filter dictates the resolution

bandwidth, which is related to the minimum bandwidth detectable by

the instrument. As demonstrated by the animation to the right, the

smaller the bandwidth, the more spectral resolution. However, there

is a trade-off between how quickly the display can update the full

frequency span under consideration and the frequency resolution,

which is relevant for distinguishing frequency components that are

close together. For a swept-tuned architecture, this relation for

sweep time is useful:

Where ST is sweep time in seconds, k is proportionality

constant, Span is the frequency range under consideration in hertz,

and RBW is the resolution bandwidth in Hertz. Sweeping too fast,

however, causes a drop in displayed amplitude and a shift in the

displayed frequency.

带通滤波器的带宽决定了分辨率带宽，这与仪器可检测的最小带宽有关。 如右边的动画所示，带宽越小，光谱分辨率越高。

然而，在显示器可以多快地更新所考虑的全频率范围与频率分辨率之间存在折衷，这与区分紧密在一起的频率分量有关。

对于扫频调谐架构，这种扫描时间关系如下：

其中ST是以秒为单位的扫描时间，k是比例常数，Span是以赫兹为单位考虑的频率范围，RBW是以赫兹为单位的分辨率带宽。

然而，扫过太快会导致显示幅度下降和显示频率发生偏移。

The bandwidth of the band-pass filter dictates the resolution

bandwidth, which is related to the minimum bandwidth detectable by

the instrument. As demonstrated by the animation to the right, the

smaller the bandwidth, the more spectral resolution. However, there

is a trade-off between how quickly the display can update the full

frequency span under consideration and the frequency resolution,

which is relevant for distinguishing frequency components that are

close together. For a swept-tuned architecture, this relation for

sweep time is useful:

{\displaystyle \ ST={\frac {k(\mathrm {Span}

)}{RBW^{2}}}}{\displaystyle \ ST={\frac {k(\mathrm {Span}

)}{RBW^{2}}}}

Where ST is sweep time in seconds, k is proportionality

constant, Span is the frequency range under consideration in hertz,

and RBW is the resolution bandwidth in Hertz.[3] Sweeping too fast,

however, causes a drop in displayed amplitude and a shift in the

displayed frequency.[4]

Also, the animation contains both up- and down-converted

spectra, which is due to a frequency mixer producing both sum and

difference frequencies. The local oscillator feedthrough is due to

the imperfect isolation from the IF signal path in the mixer.

For very weak signals, a pre-amplifier is used, although

harmonic and intermodulation distortion may lead to the creation of

new frequency components that were not present in the original

signal.

FFT-based

With an FFT based spectrum analyzer, the frequency resolution is

{\displaystyle \Delta \nu =1/T}\Delta \nu =1/T, the inverse of the

time T over which the waveform is measured and Fourier

transformed.

With Fourier transform analysis in a digital spectrum analyzer,

it is necessary to sample the input signal with a sampling

frequency {\displaystyle \nu _{s}}\nu _{s} that is at least twice

the bandwidth of the signal, due to the Nyquist limit.A Fourier

transform will then produce a spectrum containing all frequencies

from zero to {\displaystyle \nu _{s}/2}\nu _{s}/2. This can place

considerable demands on the required analog-to-digital converter

and processing power for the Fourier transform, making FFT based

spectrum analyzers limited in frequency range.

使用基于FFT的频谱分析仪，频率分辨率为，是波形测量和傅里叶变换的时间T的倒数。

通过数字频谱分析仪中的傅里叶变换分析，采样输入信号的采样频率，该频率至少是信号带宽的两倍，

达到奈奎斯特限制。然后，傅里叶变换将产生包含从零到/ 2的所有频率的频谱。

这对傅立叶变换所需的模数转换器和处理能力提出了相当大的要求，使基于FFT的频谱分析仪在频率范围内受到限制。

Hybrid superheterodyne-FFT

混合超外差-FFT

Since FFT based analyzers are only capable of considering narrow

bands, one technique is to combine swept and FFT analysis for

consideration of wide and narrow spans. This technique allows for

faster sweep time.

This method is made possible by first down converting the

signal, then digitizing the intermediate frequency and using

superheterodyne or FFT techniques to acquire the spectrum.

One benefit of digitizing the intermediate frequency is the

ability to use digital filters, which have a range of advantages

over analog filters such as near perfect shape factors and improved

filter settling time. Also, for consideration of narrow spans, the

FFT can be used to increase sweep time without distorting the

displayed spectrum.

由于基于FFT的分析仪仅能够考虑窄带，因此一种技术是将扫描和FFT分析结合起来考虑宽带和窄带。

该技术允许更快的扫描时间。

通过首先下变频信号，然后数字化中频并使用超外差或FFT技术来获取频谱，使得该方法成为可能。

将中频数字化的一个好处是能够使用数字滤波器，其具有优于模拟滤波器的一系列优点，例如接近完美的形状因子和改进的滤波器建立时间。

此外，为了考虑窄跨度，FFT可用于增加扫描时间而不会使显示的频谱失真。

The video bandwidth filter or VBW filter is the low-pass filter

directly after the envelope detector. It's the bandwidth of the

signal chain after the detector. Averaging or peak detection then

refers to how the digital storage portion of the device records

samples—it takes several samples per time step and stores only one

sample, either the average of the samples or the highest one.[7]

The video bandwidth determines the capability to discriminate

between two different power levels.[7] This is because a narrower

VBW will remove noise in the detector output.[7] This filter is

used to “smooth” the display by removing noise from the envelope.

Similar to the RBW, the VBW affects the sweep time of the display

if the VBW is less than the RBW. If VBW is less than RBW, this

relation for sweep time is useful:

{\displaystyle t_{\mathrm {sweep} }={\frac

{k(f_{2}-f_{1})}{\mathrm {RBW} \times \mathrm {VBW} }}.}t_{\mathrm

{sweep} }={\frac {k(f_{2}-f_{1})}{\mathrm {RBW} \times \mathrm

{VBW} }}.

Here tsweep is the sweep time, k is a dimensionless

proportionality constant, f2 − f1 is the

frequency range of the sweep, RBW is the resolution bandwidth, and

VBW is the video bandwidth.

视频带宽滤波器或VBW滤波器是包络检波器后面的低通滤波器。 它是探测器后信号链的带宽。

然后，平均或峰值检测指的是设备的数字存储部分如何记录样本 -

每个时间步长需要几个样本，并且只存储一个样本，无论是样本的平均值还是最高样本。视频带宽决定了区分两种不同功率水平的能力。这是因为较窄的VBW将消除探测器输出中的噪声。该滤镜用于通过去除信封中的噪声来“平滑”显示。

与RBW类似，如果VBW小于RBW，VBW会影响显示器的扫描时间。 如果VBW小于RBW，则扫描时间的这种关系如下：

这里tsweep是扫描时间，k是无量纲比例常数，f2-f1是扫描的频率范围，RBW是分辨率带宽，VBW是视频带宽。