这篇文章主要介绍了python pandas.DataFrame.loc函数使用详解,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧
官方函数
DataFrame.loc
Access a group of rows and columns by label(s) or a boolean array.
.loc[] is primarily label based, but may also be used with a boolean array.
# 可以使用label值，但是也可以使用布尔值
Allowed inputs are: # 可以接受单个的label，多个label的列表，多个label的切片
A single label, e.g. 5 or ‘a', (note that 5 is interpreted as a label of the index, and never as an integer position along the index). #这里的5不是数值指定的位置，而是label值
A list or array of labels, e.g. [‘a', ‘b', ‘c'].
slice object with labels, e.g. ‘a':'f'.
Warning: #如果使用多个label的切片，那么切片的起始位置都是包含的
Note that contrary to usual python slices, both the start and the stop are included
A boolean array of the same length as the axis being sliced, e.g. [True, False, True].
实例详解
一、选择数值
1、生成df
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df= pd.DataFrame([[1,2], [4,5], [7,8]],
... index=['cobra','viper','sidewinder'],
... columns=['max_speed','shield'])
df
Out[15]:
max_speed shield
cobra1 2
viper4 5
sidewinder7 8
2、Single label. 单个 row_label 返回的Series
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df.loc['viper']
Out[17]:
max_speed4
shield5
Name: viper, dtype: int64
2、List of labels. 列表 row_label 返回的DataFrame
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df.loc[['cobra','viper']]
Out[20]:
max_speed shield
cobra1 2
viper4 5
3、Single label for row and column 同时选定行和列
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df.loc['cobra','shield']
Out[24]:2
4、Slice with labels for row and single label for column. As mentioned above, note that both the start and stop of the slice are included. 同时选定多个行和单个列，注意的是通过列表选定多个row label 时，首位均是选定的。
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df.loc['cobra':'viper','max_speed']
Out[25]:
cobra1
viper4
Name: max_speed, dtype: int64
5、Boolean list with the same length as the row axis 布尔列表选择row label
布尔值列表是根据某个位置的True or False 来选定，如果某个位置的布尔值是True，则选定该row
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df
Out[30]:
max_speed shield
cobra1 2
viper4 5
sidewinder7 8
df.loc[[True]]
Out[31]:
max_speed shield
cobra1 2
df.loc[[True,False]]
Out[32]:
max_speed shield
cobra1 2
df.loc[[True,False,True]]
Out[33]:
max_speed shield
cobra1 2
sidewinder7 8
6、Conditional that returns a boolean Series 条件布尔值
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df.loc[df['shield'] >6]
Out[34]:
max_speed shield
sidewinder7 8
7、Conditional that returns a boolean Series with column labels specified 条件布尔值和具体某列的数据
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df.loc[df['shield'] >6, ['max_speed']]
Out[35]:
max_speed
sidewinder7
8、Callable that returns a boolean Series 通过函数得到布尔结果选定数据
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df
Out[37]:
max_speed shield
cobra1 2
viper4 5
sidewinder7 8
df.loc[lambda df: df['shield']== 8]
Out[38]:
max_speed shield
sidewinder7 8
二、赋值
1、Set value for all items matching the list of labels 根据某列表选定的row 及某列 column 赋值
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df.loc[['viper','sidewinder'], ['shield']]= 50
df
Out[43]:
max_speed shield
cobra1 2
viper4 50
sidewinder7 50
2、Set value for an entire row 将某行row的数据全部赋值
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df.loc['cobra']=10
df
Out[48]:
max_speed shield
cobra10 10
viper4 50
sidewinder7 50
3、Set value for an entire column 将某列的数据完全赋值
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df.loc[:,'max_speed']= 30
df
Out[50]:
max_speed shield
cobra30 10
viper30 50
sidewinder30 50
4、Set value for rows matching callable condition 条件选定rows赋值
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df.loc[df['shield'] >35]= 0
df
Out[52]:
max_speed shield
cobra30 10
viper0 0
sidewinder0 0
三、行索引是数值
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df= pd.DataFrame([[1,2], [4,5], [7,8]],
... index=[7,8,9], columns=['max_speed','shield'])
df
Out[54]:
max_speed shield
7 1 2
8 4 5
9 7 8
通过 行 rows的切片的方式取多个：
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df.loc[7:9]
Out[55]:
max_speed shield
7 1 2
8 4 5
9 7 8
四、多维索引
1、生成多维索引
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tuples= [
... ('cobra','mark i'), ('cobra','mark ii'),
... ('sidewinder','mark i'), ('sidewinder','mark ii'),
... ('viper','mark ii'), ('viper','mark iii')
... ]
index= pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples)
values= [[12,2], [0,4], [10,20],
... [1,4], [7,1], [16,36]]
df= pd.DataFrame(values, columns=['max_speed','shield'], index=index)
df
Out[57]:
max_speed shield
cobra mark i12 2
mark ii0 4
sidewinder mark i10 20
mark ii1 4
viper mark ii7 1
mark iii16 36
2、Single label. 传入的就是最外层的row label，返回DataFrame
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df.loc['cobra']
Out[58]:
max_speed shield
mark i12 2
mark ii0 4
3、Single index tuple.传入的是索引元组，返回Series
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df.loc[('cobra','mark ii')]
Out[59]:
max_speed0
shield4
Name: (cobra, mark ii), dtype: int64
4、Single label for row and column.如果传入的是row和column，和传入tuple是类似的，返回Series
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df.loc['cobra','mark i']
Out[60]:
max_speed12
shield2
Name: (cobra, mark i), dtype: int64
5、Single tuple. Note using [[ ]] returns a DataFrame.传入一个数组，返回一个DataFrame
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df.loc[[('cobra','mark ii')]]
Out[61]:
max_speed shield
cobra mark ii0 4
6、Single tuple for the index with a single label for the column 获取某个colum的某row的数据，需要左边传入多维索引的tuple，然后再传入column
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df.loc[('cobra','mark i'),'shield']
Out[62]:2
7、传入多维索引和单个索引的切片：
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df.loc[('cobra','mark i'):'viper']
Out[63]:
max_speed shield
cobra mark i12 2
mark ii0 4
sidewinder mark i10 20
mark ii1 4
viper mark ii7 1
mark iii16 36
df.loc[('cobra','mark i'):'sidewinder']
Out[64]:
max_speed shield
cobra mark i12 2
mark ii0 4
sidewinder mark i10 20
mark ii1 4
df.loc[('cobra','mark i'):('sidewinder','mark i')]
Out[65]:
max_speed shield
cobra mark i12 2
mark ii0 4
sidewinder mark i10 20
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