python dataframe loc函数_python pandas.DataFrame.loc函数使用详解

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官方函数

DataFrame.loc

Access a group of rows and columns by label(s) or a boolean array.

.loc[] is primarily label based, but may also be used with a boolean array.

# 可以使用label值，但是也可以使用布尔值

Allowed inputs are: # 可以接受单个的label，多个label的列表，多个label的切片

A single label, e.g. 5 or ‘a', (note that 5 is interpreted as a label of the index, and never as an integer position along the index). #这里的5不是数值指定的位置，而是label值

A list or array of labels, e.g. [‘a', ‘b', ‘c'].

slice object with labels, e.g. ‘a':'f'.

Warning: #如果使用多个label的切片，那么切片的起始位置都是包含的

Note that contrary to usual python slices, both the start and the stop are included

A boolean array of the same length as the axis being sliced, e.g. [True, False, True].

实例详解

一、选择数值

1、生成df

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df= pd.DataFrame([[1,2], [4,5], [7,8]],

...   index=['cobra','viper','sidewinder'],

...   columns=['max_speed','shield'])

df

Out[15]:

max_speed shield

cobra1    2

viper4    5

sidewinder7    8

2、Single label. 单个 row_label 返回的Series

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df.loc['viper']

Out[17]:

max_speed4

shield5

Name: viper, dtype: int64

2、List of labels. 列表 row_label 返回的DataFrame

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df.loc[['cobra','viper']]

Out[20]:

max_speed shield

cobra1    2

viper4    5

3、Single label for row and column 同时选定行和列

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df.loc['cobra','shield']

Out[24]:2

4、Slice with labels for row and single label for column. As mentioned above, note that both the start and stop of the slice are included. 同时选定多个行和单个列，注意的是通过列表选定多个row label 时，首位均是选定的。

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df.loc['cobra':'viper','max_speed']

Out[25]:

cobra1

viper4

Name: max_speed, dtype: int64

5、Boolean list with the same length as the row axis 布尔列表选择row label

布尔值列表是根据某个位置的True or False 来选定，如果某个位置的布尔值是True，则选定该row

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df

Out[30]:

max_speed shield

cobra1    2

viper4    5

sidewinder7    8

df.loc[[True]]

Out[31]:

max_speed shield

cobra1    2

df.loc[[True,False]]

Out[32]:

max_speed shield

cobra1    2

df.loc[[True,False,True]]

Out[33]:

max_speed shield

cobra1    2

sidewinder7    8

6、Conditional that returns a boolean Series 条件布尔值

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df.loc[df['shield'] >6]

Out[34]:

max_speed shield

sidewinder7    8

7、Conditional that returns a boolean Series with column labels specified 条件布尔值和具体某列的数据

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df.loc[df['shield'] >6, ['max_speed']]

Out[35]:

max_speed

sidewinder7

8、Callable that returns a boolean Series 通过函数得到布尔结果选定数据

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df

Out[37]:

max_speed shield

cobra1    2

viper4    5

sidewinder7    8

df.loc[lambda df: df['shield']== 8]

Out[38]:

max_speed shield

sidewinder7    8

二、赋值

1、Set value for all items matching the list of labels 根据某列表选定的row 及某列 column 赋值

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df.loc[['viper','sidewinder'], ['shield']]= 50

df

Out[43]:

max_speed shield

cobra1    2

viper4   50

sidewinder7   50

2、Set value for an entire row 将某行row的数据全部赋值

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df.loc['cobra']=10

df

Out[48]:

max_speed shield

cobra10   10

viper4   50

sidewinder7   50

3、Set value for an entire column 将某列的数据完全赋值

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df.loc[:,'max_speed']= 30

df

Out[50]:

max_speed shield

cobra30   10

viper30   50

sidewinder30   50

4、Set value for rows matching callable condition 条件选定rows赋值

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df.loc[df['shield'] >35]= 0

df

Out[52]:

max_speed shield

cobra30   10

viper0    0

sidewinder0    0

三、行索引是数值

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df= pd.DataFrame([[1,2], [4,5], [7,8]],

...   index=[7,8,9], columns=['max_speed','shield'])

df

Out[54]:

max_speed shield

7     1    2

8     4    5

9     7    8

通过 行 rows的切片的方式取多个：

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df.loc[7:9]

Out[55]:

max_speed shield

7     1    2

8     4    5

9     7    8

四、多维索引

1、生成多维索引

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tuples= [

...  ('cobra','mark i'), ('cobra','mark ii'),

...  ('sidewinder','mark i'), ('sidewinder','mark ii'),

...  ('viper','mark ii'), ('viper','mark iii')

... ]

index= pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples)

values= [[12,2], [0,4], [10,20],

...     [1,4], [7,1], [16,36]]

df= pd.DataFrame(values, columns=['max_speed','shield'], index=index)

df

Out[57]:

max_speed shield

cobra   mark i12    2

mark ii0    4

sidewinder mark i10   20

mark ii1    4

viper   mark ii7    1

mark iii16   36

2、Single label. 传入的就是最外层的row label，返回DataFrame

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df.loc['cobra']

Out[58]:

max_speed shield

mark i12    2

mark ii0    4

3、Single index tuple.传入的是索引元组，返回Series

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df.loc[('cobra','mark ii')]

Out[59]:

max_speed0

shield4

Name: (cobra, mark ii), dtype: int64

4、Single label for row and column.如果传入的是row和column，和传入tuple是类似的，返回Series

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df.loc['cobra','mark i']

Out[60]:

max_speed12

shield2

Name: (cobra, mark i), dtype: int64

5、Single tuple. Note using [[ ]] returns a DataFrame.传入一个数组，返回一个DataFrame

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df.loc[[('cobra','mark ii')]]

Out[61]:

max_speed shield

cobra mark ii0    4

6、Single tuple for the index with a single label for the column 获取某个colum的某row的数据，需要左边传入多维索引的tuple，然后再传入column

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df.loc[('cobra','mark i'),'shield']

Out[62]:2

7、传入多维索引和单个索引的切片：

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df.loc[('cobra','mark i'):'viper']

Out[63]:

max_speed shield

cobra   mark i12    2

mark ii0    4

sidewinder mark i10   20

mark ii1    4

viper   mark ii7    1

mark iii16   36

df.loc[('cobra','mark i'):'sidewinder']

Out[64]:

max_speed shield

cobra   mark i12    2

mark ii0    4

sidewinder mark i10   20

mark ii1    4

df.loc[('cobra','mark i'):('sidewinder','mark i')]

Out[65]:

max_speed shield

cobra   mark i12    2

mark ii0    4

sidewinder mark i10   20

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