python 需要登录的网站-对python抓取需要登录网站数据的方法详解

scrapy.FormRequest

login.py

class LoginSpider(scrapy.Spider):

name = "login_spider"

start_urls = ["http://www.login.com"]

def parse(self, response):

return [

scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(

response,

# username和password要根据实际页面的表单的name字段进行修改

formdata={"username": "your_username", "password": "your_password"},

callback=self.after_login)]

def after_login(self, response):

# 登录后的代码

pass

selenium登录获取cookie

get_cookie_by_selenium.py

import pickle

import time

from selenium import webdriver

def get_cookies():

url = "https://www.test.com"

web_driver = webdriver.Chrome()

web_driver.get(url)

username = web_driver.find_element_by_id("login-email")

username.send_keys("username")

password = web_driver.find_element_by_id("login-password")

password.send_keys("password")

login_button = web_driver.find_element_by_id("login-submit")

login_button.click()

time.sleep(3)

cookies = web_driver.get_cookies()

web_driver.close()

return cookies

if __name__ == "__main__":

cookies = get_cookies()

pickle.dump(cookies, open("cookies.pkl", "wb"))

获取浏览器cookie(以Ubuntu的Firefox为例)

get_cookie_by_firefox.py

import sqlite3

import pickle

def get_cookie_by_firefox():

cookie_path = "/home/name/.mozilla/firefox/bqtvfe08.default/cookies.sqlite"

with sqlite3.connect(cookie_path) as conn:

sql = "select name,value from moz_cookies where baseDomain="test.com""

cur = conn.cursor()

cookies = [{"name": name, "value": value} for name, value in cur.execute(sql).fetchall()]

return cookies

if __name__ == "__main__":

cookies = get_cookie_from_firefox()

pickle.dump(cookies, open("cookies.pkl", "wb"))

scrapy使用获取后的cookie

cookies = pickle.load(open("cookies.pkl", "rb"))

yield scrapy.Request(url, cookies=cookies, callback=self.parse)

requests使用获取后的cookie

cookies = pickle.load(open("cookies.pkl", "rb"))

s = requests.Session()

for cookie in cookies:

s.cookies.set(cookie["name"], cookie["value"])

selenium使用获取后的cookie

from selenium import webdriver

cookies = pickle.load(open("cookies.pkl", "rb"))

w = webdriver.Chrome()

# 直接添加cookie会报错，下面是一种解决方案，可能有更好的

# -- start --

w.get("http://www.test.com")

w.delete_all_cookies()

# -- end --

for cookie in cookies:

w.add_cookie(cookie)

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