python json.dumps参数_json.dumps参数之解

通过help(“json”) 可以参考json库使用说明

编码后的json格式字符串紧凑输出，且无顺序，其dumps方法提供一些可选的参数，让输出的格式提高可读性。

(1)sort_keys是告诉编码器按照字典key排序(a到z)输出。

>>> import json

>>> data = [{'c': 'C', 'b':(1, 6), 'a': 'A'}]

>>> print(data)

[{'a': 'A', 'c': 'C', 'b': (1, 6)}]

>>> print(json.dumps(data,sort_keys=True))

[{"a": "A", "b": [1, 6], "c": "C"}]

(2)indent参数根据数据格式缩进显示，读起来更加清晰, indent的值，代表缩进空格式：

>>> print(json.dumps(data,sort_keys=True))

[{"a": "A", "b": [1, 6], "c": "C"}]

>>> print(json.dumps(data,sort_keys=True,indent=4))

[

{

"a": "A",

"b": [

1,

6

],

"c": "C"

}

]

(3)separators参数的作用是去掉‘，’ ‘：’后面的空格，在传输数据的过程中，越精简越好，冗余的东西全部去掉。

>>> print(json.dumps(data,sort_keys=True))

[{"a": "A", "b": [1, 6], "c": "C"}]

>>> print(json.dumps(data,sort_keys=True,separators=(',',':')))

[{"a":"A","b":[1,6],"c":"C"}]

(4)skipkeys参数，在encoding过程中，dict对象的key只可以是string对象，如果是其他类型，那么在编码过程中就会抛出ValueError的异常。skipkeys可以跳过那些非string对象当作key的处理.

>>> data2 = [{"a": "A", "b": [1,6], "c": "C", ('d',): 'D'}]

>>> print(json.dumps(data2,sort_keys=True,separators=(',',':')))

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/json/__init__.py", line 237, in dumps

**kw).encode(obj)

File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/json/encoder.py", line 367, in encode

chunks = list(self.iterencode(o))

File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/json/encoder.py", line 306, in _iterencode

for chunk in self._iterencode_list(o, markers):

File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/json/encoder.py", line 204, in _iterencode_list

for chunk in self._iterencode(value, markers):

File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/json/encoder.py", line 309, in _iterencode

for chunk in self._iterencode_dict(o, markers):

File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/json/encoder.py", line 268, in _iterencode_dict

raise TypeError("key {0!r} is not a string".format(key))

TypeError: key ('d',) is not a string

>>> print(json.dumps(data2,sort_keys=True,skipkeys=True))

[{"a": "A", "b": [1, 6], "c": "C"}]

(5)输出真正的中文需要指定ensure_ascii=False

如果无任何配置，或者说使用默认配置，

输出的会是‘凉凉’的ASCII字符吗，而不是真正的中文。

这是因为json.dumps 序列化时对中文默认使用的ascii编码。

>>> print(json.dumps('中国'))

"\u4e2d\u56fd"

>>> print(json.dumps('中国',ensure_ascii=False))

"中国"