用python进行影像分类_Windows10上使用Caffe的Python接口进行图像分类例程

本文将会介绍Caffe的Python接口的使用方法。编辑Python可以使用很多种方法，我们采用的是IPython交互式编辑环境。

1 Python的安装

如果你的Windows电脑还没有安装Python，请先自行搜索Python的安装方法，例如

2 Caffe的安装

Windows Caffe的安装请参照之前的一篇文章：

3 详细操作

3.1 设置

(1)首先，设置Python、numpy、和matplotlib。

In [1]:

# set up Python environment: numpy for numerical routines, and matplotlib for plotting

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# display plots in this notebook

get_ipython().magic(u'matplotlib inline')

# set display defaults

plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 10) # large images

plt.rcParams['image.interpolation'] = 'nearest' # don't interpolate: show square pixels

plt.rcParams['image.cmap'] = 'gray' # use grayscale output rather than a (potentially misleading) color heatmap

(2)导入caffe

In [2]:

# The caffe module needs to be on the Python path;

# we'll add it here explicitly.

import sys

caffe_root = 'F:\\Projects\\caffe\\' # this file should be run from {caffe_root}/examples (otherwise change this line)

sys.path.insert(0, caffe_root + 'python')

import caffe

# If you get "No module named _caffe", either you have not built pycaffe or you have the wrong path.

(3)如果还没有自己训练好的模型，可以下载一个CaffeNet

In [3]:

import os

if os.path.isfile(caffe_root + 'models\\bvlc_reference_caffenet\\bvlc_reference_caffenet.caffemodel'):

print 'CaffeNet found.'

else:

print 'Downloading pre-trained CaffeNet model...'

get_ipython().system(u'python F:\\Projects\\caffe\\scripts\\download_model_binary.py F:\\Projects\\caffe\\models\\bvlc_reference_caffenet')

Out:

CaffeNet found.

3.2 导入网络和输入预处理

(1)设置Caffe为CPU模式，从硬盘导入网络。

In [4]:

caffe.set_mode_cpu()

model_def = caffe_root + 'models\\bvlc_reference_caffenet\\deploy.prototxt'

model_weights = caffe_root + 'models\\bvlc_reference_caffenet\\bvlc_reference_caffenet.caffemodel'

net = caffe.Net(model_def, # defines the structure of the model

model_weights, # contains the trained weights

caffe.TEST) # use test mode (e.g., don't perform dropout)

(2)设置输入预处理。我们使用Caffe的caffe.io.Transformer 来做这件事，它与caffe的其他部分是独立的，所以任何其他自定义的预处理代码都可以使用。

默认的CaffeNet使用图像为BGR格式。它们的灰度范围应该使用[0 , 255]，于是可以使用ImageNet的图像像素均值作为要减去的数值。

Matplotlib会把导入的图像设定为[0, 1]范围的RGB格式，所以需要做一些转换。

In [5]:

# load the mean ImageNet image (as distributed with Caffe) for subtraction

mu = np.load(caffe_root + 'python/caffe/imagenet/ilsvrc_2012_mean.npy')

mu = mu.mean(1).mean(1) # average over pixels to obtain the mean (BGR) pixel values

print 'mean-subtracted values:', zip('BGR', mu)

# create transformer for the input called 'data'

transformer = caffe.io.Transformer({'data': net.blobs['data'].data.shape})

transformer.set_transpose('data', (2,0,1)) # move image channels to outermost dimension

transformer.set_mean('data', mu) # subtract the dataset-mean value in each channel

transformer.set_raw_scale('data', 255) # rescale from [0, 1] to [0, 255]

transformer.set_channel_swap('data', (2,1,0)) # swap channels from RGB to BGR

Out:

mean-subtracted values: [('B', 104.0069879317889), ('G', 116.66876761696767), ('R', 122.6789143406786)]

3.3 CPU分类

(1)设置batch size为50

In [6]:

# set the size of the input (we can skip this if we're happy

# with the default; we can also change it later, e.g., for different batch sizes)

net.blobs['data'].reshape(50, # batch size

3, # 3-channel (BGR) images

227, 227) # image size is 227x227

(2)导入图像，执行预处理

In [7]:

image = caffe.io.load_image(caffe_root + 'examples/images/cat.jpg')

transformed_image = transformer.preprocess('data', image)

plt.imshow(image)

Out:

(3)执行分类

In [8]:

# copy the image data into the memory allocated for the net

net.blobs['data'].data[...] = transformed_image

### perform classification

output = net.forward()

output_prob = output['prob'][0] # the output probability vector for the first image in the batch

print 'predicted class is:', output_prob.argmax()

Out:

predicted class is: 281

(4)网络给出了一个概率向量，最可能的类别是编号281的类。我们需要找到Image的类别标签。下面的程序是检验有没有sysset_words.txt文件，如果没有则使用脚本从网上下载。由于脚本本来是在Linux shell中运行的，在Windows命令行中执行报错，所以我是先使用别的方法下载了这个文件，放到了该对应的路径下。你可以使用win10自带的Linux内核系统运行shell命令来下载，也可以从网上搜索这个文件。

In [9]:

# load ImageNet labels

labels_file = caffe_root + 'data\\ilsvrc12\\synset_words.txt'

if not os.path.exists(labels_file):

get_ipython().system(u'F:\Projects\caffe\data\ilsvrc12\get_ilsvrc_aux.sh')

labels = np.loadtxt(labels_file, str, delimiter='\t')

print 'output label:', labels[output_prob.argmax()]Out:

output label: n02123045 tabby, tabby cat

(5)查看全部分类结果列表

In [10]:

# sort top five predictions from softmax output

top_inds = output_prob.argsort()[::-1][:5] # reverse sort and take five largest items

print 'probabilities and labels:'

zip(output_prob[top_inds], labels[top_inds])

Out:

probabilities and labels:

[(0.31244686, 'n02123045 tabby, tabby cat'),

(0.23796991, 'n02123159 tiger cat'),

(0.12387832, 'n02124075 Egyptian cat'),

(0.10075155, 'n02119022 red fox, Vulpes vulpes'),

(0.070957169, 'n02127052 lynx, catamount')]

3.4 使用GPU模式

(1)先看下CPU模式下分类时间

In [11]:

get_ipython().magic(u'timeit net.forward()')

Out:

1 loop, best of 3: 929 ms per loop

(2)改到GPU模式下看分类时间

In [12]:

caffe.set_device(0) # if we have multiple GPUs, pick the first one

caffe.set_mode_gpu()

net.forward() # run once before timing to set up memory

get_ipython().magic(u'timeit net.forward()')Out:

10 loops, best of 3: 51.9 ms per loop

3.5 检查中间输出

网络并非是一个黑盒，让我们看看中间的参数信息。

In [13]:

# for each layer, show the output shape

for layer_name, blob in net.blobs.iteritems():

print layer_name + '\t' + str(blob.data.shape)Out:

data(50L, 3L, 227L, 227L)

conv1(50L, 96L, 55L, 55L)

pool1(50L, 96L, 27L, 27L)

norm1(50L, 96L, 27L, 27L)

conv2(50L, 256L, 27L, 27L)

pool2(50L, 256L, 13L, 13L)

norm2(50L, 256L, 13L, 13L)

conv3(50L, 384L, 13L, 13L)

conv4(50L, 384L, 13L, 13L)

conv5(50L, 256L, 13L, 13L)

pool5(50L, 256L, 6L, 6L)

fc6(50L, 4096L)

fc7(50L, 4096L)

fc8(50L, 1000L)

prob(50L, 1000L)

In [14]:

for layer_name, param in net.params.iteritems():

print layer_name + '\t' + str(param[0].data.shape), str(param[1].data.shape)Out:

conv1(96L, 3L, 11L, 11L) (96L,)

conv2(256L, 48L, 5L, 5L) (256L,)

conv3(384L, 256L, 3L, 3L) (384L,)

conv4(384L, 192L, 3L, 3L) (384L,)

conv5(256L, 192L, 3L, 3L) (256L,)

fc6(4096L, 9216L) (4096L,)

fc7(4096L, 4096L) (4096L,)

fc8(1000L, 4096L) (1000L,)

In [15]:

def vis_square(data):

"""Take an array of shape (n, height, width) or (n, height, width, 3)

and visualize each (height, width) thing in a grid of size approx. sqrt(n) by sqrt(n)"""

# normalize data for display

data = (data - data.min()) / (data.max() - data.min())

# force the number of filters to be square

n = int(np.ceil(np.sqrt(data.shape[0])))

padding = (((0, n ** 2 - data.shape[0]),

(0, 1), (0, 1)) # add some space between filters

+ ((0, 0),) * (data.ndim - 3)) # don't pad the last dimension (if there is one)

data = np.pad(data, padding, mode='constant', constant_values=1) # pad with ones (white)

# tile the filters into an image

data = data.reshape((n, n) + data.shape[1:]).transpose((0, 2, 1, 3) + tuple(range(4, data.ndim + 1)))

data = data.reshape((n * data.shape[1], n * data.shape[3]) + data.shape[4:])

plt.imshow(data); plt.axis('off')

In [16]:

# the parameters are a list of [weights, biases]

filters = net.params['conv1'][0].data

vis_square(filters.transpose(0, 2, 3, 1))

Out:

In [17]:

feat = net.blobs['conv1'].data[0, :36]

vis_square(feat)Out:

In [18]:

feat = net.blobs['pool5'].data[0]

vis_square(feat)Out:

In [19]:

feat = net.blobs['fc6'].data[0]

plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)

plt.plot(feat.flat)

plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)

_ = plt.hist(feat.flat[feat.flat > 0], bins=100)Out:

In [20]:

feat = net.blobs['prob'].data[0]

plt.figure(figsize=(15, 3))

plt.plot(feat.flat)Out:

[]

3.6 尝试自己的图像

In [21]:

# download an image

#my_image_url = "https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1491715902209&di=82ef5c02c812e21e2e0f44fce2a1d4b6&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fcyjctrip.qiniudn.com%2F56329%2F1374595566800p18064d9kk169p1j291j1l1u31k0lk.jpg" # paste your URL here

# for example:

# my_image_url = "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Orang_Utan%2C_Semenggok_Forest_Reserve%2C_Sarawak%2C_Borneo%2C_Malaysia.JPG"

#!wget -O image.jpg $my_image_url

# transform it and copy it into the net

image = caffe.io.load_image('C:\\Users\\Bill\\Desktop\\image.jpg')

net.blobs['data'].data[...] = transformer.preprocess('data', image)

# perform classification

net.forward()

# obtain the output probabilities

output_prob = net.blobs['prob'].data[0]

# sort top five predictions from softmax output

top_inds = output_prob.argsort()[::-1][:5]

plt.imshow(image)

print 'probabilities and labels:'

zip(output_prob[top_inds], labels[top_inds])

Out:

[(0.69523662, 'n02403003 ox'),

(0.16318876, 'n02389026 sorrel'),

(0.039488554, 'n02087394 Rhodesian ridgeback'),

(0.029075578, 'n03967562 plow, plough'),

(0.015077997, 'n02422106 hartebeest')]