python图形用户界面pyside_PySide——Python图形化界面

PySide——Python图形化界面

PySide——Python图形化界面入门教程(四)

——创建自己的信号槽

——Creating Your Own Signals and Slots

原文链接：http://pythoncentral.io/pysidepyqt-tutorial-creating-your-own-signals-and-slots/

你不必局限于Qt widget提供的信号，你可以使用Signal类来创建自己的信号。下面是一个定义的简单例子：

1 from PySide.QtCore import Signal

2 tapped = Signal()

然后，当对象需要触发信号的条件满足时，你可以使用信号的emit方法，来发出信号调用关联的槽。

thing.tapped.emit()

这样做有两个优点：第一，允许用户和你定义的对象随意交互；第二，让你的对象使用更加灵活，让自己的代码定义动作行为的影响。

一个简单的PySide信号例子

我们来定义一个简单的PunchingBag类，它只做一件事情，当punch被调用时，发出punched信号：

1 from PySide.QtCore import QObject, Signal, Slot

2

3 class PunchingBag(QObject):

4 ''' Represents a punching bag; when you punch it, it

5 emits a signal that indicates that it was punched. '''

6 punched = Signal()

7

8 def __init__(self):

9 # Initialize the PunchingBag as a QObject

10 QObject.__init__(self)

11

12 def punch(self):

13 ''' Punch the bag '''

14 self.punched.emit()

代码非常的简单：PunchingBag继承自QObject，所以它可以发出信号；它有一个称为punched的信号，不携带任何数据；并且他有一个仅仅发出punched信号的punch方法。

为了让PunchingBag更丰富一些，我们需要将它的punched信号和一个槽连接。槽简单的输出“Bag was punched”。

1 @Slot()

2 def say_punched():

3 ''' Give evidence that a bag was punched. '''

4 print('Bag was punched.')

5

6 bag = PunchingBag()

7 # Connect the bag's punched signal to the say_punched slot

8 bag.punched.connect(say_punched)

9

10 # Punch the bag 10 times

11 for i in range(10):

12 bag.punch()

携带数据的PySide信号

创建信号可以完成一个非常有用的事情——携带数据。例如，你可以创建一个携带整数或者字符串的信号：

updated = Signal(int)

updated=Signal(str)

这个数据类型可以是任何Python的类型名或定义了C++类型的字符串。因为教程不假设有任何C++的知识，故我们只使用Python类型。

例子：一个发送信号的圆

我们用x，y和r定义一个圆，x、y是圆中心的坐标，r是半径。我们想要当圆被改变大小时，发送一个信号resized；当圆被移动时，也发送一个信号moved。虽然我们可以在信号的槽中检测圆的大小和位置，但是使用信号发送这些信息会更加方便。

 View Code

from PySide.QtCore import QObject, Signal, Slot

class Circle(QObject):

''' Represents a circle defined by the x and y

coordinates of its center and its radius r. '''

# Signal emitted when the circle is resized,

# carrying its integer radius

resized = Signal(int)

# Signal emitted when the circle is moved, carrying

# the x and y coordinates of its center.

moved = Signal(int, int)

def __init__(self, x, y, r):

# Initialize the Circle as a QObject so it can emit signals

QObject.__init__(self)

# "Hide" the values and expose them via properties

self._x = x

self._y = y

self._r = r

@property

def x(self):

return self._x

@x.setter

def x(self, new_x):

self._x = new_x

# After the center is moved, emit the

# moved signal with the new coordinates

self.moved.emit(new_x, self.y)

@property

def y(self):

return self._y

@y.setter

def y(self, new_y):

self._y = new_y

# After the center is moved, emit the moved

# signal with the new coordinates

self.moved.emit(self.x, new_y)

@property

def r(self):

return self._r

@r.setter

def r(self, new_r):

self._r = new_r

# After the radius is changed, emit the

# resized signal with the new radius

self.resized.emit(new_r)

注意以下几点：

Circle继承自QObject所以可以发送信号

同样的信号可以在不同地方发送

现在我们定义一些连接Circle的信号的槽。还记得我们上次提过的@Slot修饰符(decorator)吗？现在我们来看看如何接收携带了数据的信号。为了接收信号，我们简单的将其定义为与信号一样的结构。

1 # A slot for the "moved" signal, accepting the x and y coordinates

2 @Slot(int, int)

3 def on_moved(x, y):

4 print('Circle was moved to (%s, %s).' % (x, y))

5

6 # A slot for the "resized" signal, accepting the radius

7 @Slot(int)

8 def on_resized(r):

9 print('Circle was resized to radius %s.' % r)

非常的简单直观。更多信息可以参考Python decorators，或者来学习这篇文章Python Decorators Overview。最后我们完成这个Circle，连接信号槽，移动并改变它的大小。

 View Code

c = Circle(5, 5, 4)

# Connect the Circle's signals to our simple slots

c.moved.connect(on_moved)

c.resized.connect(on_resized)

# Move the circle one unit to the right

c.x += 1

# Increase the circle's radius by one unit

c.r += 1

当运行脚本的时候，你的结果应该是：

 View Code

Circle was moved to (6, 5).

Circle was resized to radius 5.

现在我们对信号和槽有了更深入的了解，可以准备使用一些更高级的widgets了。下一个教程开始讨论QListWidget和QListView，两种创建表框(list box)控件的方法。

By Ascii0x03

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