python中popen转变时区_使用Popen在Python中设置环境变量

I want to set an environmental variable in linux terminal through a python script. I seem to be able to set environmental variables when using os.environ['BLASTDB'] = '/path/to/directory' .

However I was initially trying to set this variable with subprocess.Popen with no success.

import subprocess

import shlex

cmd1 = 'export BLASTDB=/path/to/directory'

args = shlex.split(cmd1)

p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()

Why does subprocess.Popen fail to set the environmental variable BLASTDB to '/path/to/directory'?

NOTE:

This also fails when using:

import os

os.system('export BLASTDB=/path/to/directory')

解决方案

Use the env parameter to set environment variables for a subprocess:

proc = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,

env={'BLASTDB': '/path/to/directory'})

If env is not None, it must be a mapping that defines the environment

variables for the new process; these are used instead of inheriting

the current process’ environment, which is the default behavior.

Note: If specified, env must provide any variables required for the program

to execute. On Windows, in order to run a side-by-side assembly the

specified env must include a valid SystemRoot.

os.environ can used for accessing current environment variables of the python process. If your system also supports putenv, then os.environ can also be used for setting environment variables (and thus could be used instead of Popen's env parameter shown above). However, for some OSes such as FreeBSD and MacOS, setting os.environ may cause memory leaks, so setting os.environ is not a robust solution.

os.system('export BLASTDB=/path/to/directory') runs a subprocess which sets the BLASTDB environment variable only for that subprocess. Since that subprocess ends, it has no effect on subsequent subprocess.Popen calls.