API统计
在服务调用的时候,统计每个接口的调用次数,从而做到对接口的限流或统计。
在下面的代码中,使用了多线程的方式进行统计,主要使用了如下概念线程池 Executor
ConcurrentHashMap
CountDownLatch
其中列举了四种实现方式1 使用ConcurrentHashMap统计:不过该方法存在问题,统计的increase不是线程安全的,所以得到的结果不对
2 使用CAS理念对ConcurrentHashMap进行改进,从而解决自增方法increase的问题
3 使用Google的AtomicLongMap,原理同CAS一致,代码量小,比较优雅
4 对HashMap加锁ReentrantReadWriteLock
使用ConcurrentHashMap统计package concurrent;import java.util.Map;import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/**
* Java 并发实践- ConcurrentHashMap 与 CAS
* API调用次数统计
* 涉及概念: 多线程/线程池/ConcurrentHashMap/CountDownLatch
* @author billjiang
* @createTime 2017-08-04
*/public class CounterDemo { private final Map urlCounter = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); /**
* 接口调用次数,此方法存在问题,ConcurrentHashMap的原子方法是同步的,但increase方法没有同步
* @param url
* @return
*/
public long increase(String url) {
Long oldValue=urlCounter.get(url);
Long newValue=(oldValue==null)?1l:oldValue+1;
urlCounter.put(url,newValue); return newValue;
} //获取调用次数
public long getCount(String url){ return urlCounter.get(url);
} public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executorService= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); final CounterDemo counterDemo=new CounterDemo(); int callTime=100000; final String url="http://localhost:8082/test";
CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(callTime); //模拟并发情况下的接口调用统计
for (int i = 0; i
executorService.execute(new Runnable() { @Override
public void run() {
counterDemo.increase2(url);
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
});
} try{
countDownLatch.await();
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
executorService.shutdown(); //等待所有线程统计完成后输出调用次数
System.out.println("调用次数:"+counterDemo.getCount(url));
}
}
ConcurrentHashMap
从结果上看,使用ConcurrentHashMap存在问题,没有输出预期结果,这是因为ConcurrentHashMap虽然是线程安全的,不过它的线程安全指的是get和put等原子方法。而方法increase却不是线程安全的,当然可以通过对increase方法加锁(使用synchonized关键字),不过synchonized是悲观锁,其他线程要挂起等待,影响性能。可以使用类似乐观锁CAS对increase改进。
使用CAS对increase方法改进
关于CAS,可参考这篇文章:
改进后的increase方法如下:/**
* CAS 乐观锁/自旋
* @param url
* @return
*/
public long increase2(String url){
Long oldValue,newValue; while(true){
oldValue=urlCounter.get(url); if(oldValue==null){
newValue=1l; //初始化成功,退出循环
if(urlCounter.putIfAbsent(url,1l)==null) break; //如果初始化失败,说明其他线程已经初始化了
}else{
newValue=oldValue+1; //+1成功,退出循环
if(urlCounter.replace(url,oldValue,newValue)){ break; //如果+1失败,则说明其他线程已经修改过了旧值
}
}
} return newValue;
}
不过还有更简单的方法,就是使用AtomicLongMap
使用Google的AtomicLongMapAtomicLongMap urlCounter3 = AtomicLongMap.create(); //线程安全,支持并发public long increase3(String url){ return urlCounter3.incrementAndGet(url);
}
传统做法,对HashMap加锁Map map = new HashMap(); //线程不安全
ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); //为map2增加并发锁
public long increase4(String url){ //对map2添加写锁,可以解决线程并发问题
lock.writeLock().lock(); try{ if(map.containsKey(key)){ map.put(key, map.get(key)+1);
}else{ map.put(key, 1);
}
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}finally{
lock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
上文中提到的CountDownLatch的概念可参考:
CountDownLatch
健康检查
场景:服务注册中心需要定时对服务提供者进行心跳检测,即定时调用服务提供者的特定借口,如果返回正常状态吗,则认为服务正常,否则,认为服务提供者异常,在注册中心显示为Down状态,如Consul的服务健康检查机制与之类似。
下面使用CountDownLatch和线程池模拟这种实现。
思路
首先定义一个应用程序启动类,它开始时启动了n个线程类,这些线程将检查外部系统并通知闭锁,并且启动类一直在闭锁上等待着。一旦验证和检查了所有外部服务,那么启动类恢复执行。
实现
BaseHealthChecker:基础健康检查类,实现Runable接口,包含CountDownLatch, ServiceName(服务名称),ServiceUp(服务状态),其中verifyService 为具体继承该类的子类要实现的方法。package concurrent.health;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;public abstract class BaseHealthChecker implements Runnable { private CountDownLatch countDownLatch; private String serviceName; private boolean serviceUp; public BaseHealthChecker(String serviceName,CountDownLatch countDownLatch){ super(); this.serviceName=serviceName; this.countDownLatch=countDownLatch; this.serviceUp=false;
} @Override
public void run() { try{
verifySerivce();
serviceUp=true;
}catch (Throwable t){
t.printStackTrace(System.err);
serviceUp=false;
}finally { if(countDownLatch!=null)
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
} public String getServiceName() { return serviceName;
} public boolean isServiceUp() { return serviceUp;
} //this method need to be implemented by all specific service checker
public abstract void verifySerivce();
}
DatabaseHealthChecker: 数据库健康检查类package concurrent.health;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;public class DataBaseHealthChecker extends BaseHealthChecker { public DataBaseHealthChecker(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) { super("database service", countDownLatch);
} @Override
public void verifySerivce() {
System.out.println("Checking " + this.getServiceName()); try {
Thread.sleep(7000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getServiceName() + " is UP");
}
}
FileHealthChecker:文件服务健康检查(UserHealthChecker类似)package concurrent.health;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;public class FileHealthChecker extends BaseHealthChecker { public FileHealthChecker(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) { super("file service", countDownLatch);
} @Override
public void verifySerivce() {
System.out.println("Checking " + this.getServiceName()); try {
Thread.sleep(7000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getServiceName() + " is UP");
}
}
ApplicationStartupUtil:服务注册中心调用发起方的主类,在系统启动的时候发起健康检测请求。package concurrent.health;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class ApplicationStartupUtil { //list of service checker
private static List checkers; //this latch will be used to wait on
private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch; //singleton
private ApplicationStartupUtil() {
} private static ApplicationStartupUtil applicationStartupUtil = new ApplicationStartupUtil(); public static ApplicationStartupUtil getInstance() { return applicationStartupUtil;
} public static boolean checkExternalServices() throws InterruptedException { //init the latch with the number of service checks
countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3); //add all service checks into the list
checkers = new ArrayList<>();
checkers.add(new DataBaseHealthChecker(countDownLatch));
checkers.add(new UserHealthChecker(countDownLatch));
checkers.add(new FileHealthChecker(countDownLatch)); //start service checks using executor framework
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(checkers.size()); for (BaseHealthChecker checker : checkers) {
executor.execute(checker);
} //now wait all services checked
countDownLatch.await(); //service checkers are finished and now proceed startup
for (BaseHealthChecker checker : checkers) { if (!checker.isServiceUp()) { return false;
}
} return true;
}
}
测试
测试方法package concurrent.health;public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) { boolean result = false; try {
result = ApplicationStartupUtil.checkExternalServices();
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("External services validation completed !! Result was :: " + result);
}
}
结果Checking database service
Checking file service
Checking user service
database service is UP
user service is UP
file service is UP
External services validation completed !! Result was :: true
作者:billJiang
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/5bb0ebde9800