apache httpclient 工具类_HttpClient

一、 HttpClient 简介

HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目,可以用来提供高效的、最新的、 功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。 HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了,越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在 JDK 的 java net 包中已经提 供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能,但是对于大部分应用程序来说,JDK 库本身提供的功能 还不够丰富和灵活。

二、 HttpClient 应用

1 发送 GET 请求不带参数

1.1 创建项目

创建一个maven project 的 jar项目。

1.2 修改 POM 文件添加 HttpClient 坐标

1.3 编写测试代码

6 HttpClient 自定义工具类的使用

6.1 编写工具类

public class HttpClientUtil {
        //get 带参
	public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) {

		// 创建一个HttpClient对象
		CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
	        //定义返回结果
                String resultString = "";
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		try {
			// 创建URI
			URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
			if (param != null) {
				for (String key : param.keySet()) {
					builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
				}
			}
			URI uri = builder.build();

			// 创建http GET请求
			HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

			// 执行请求并返回响应
			response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
			//判断返回状态是否200成功
			if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
				//把返回的对象转为字符串,格式是“UTF-8”
                                resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
				httpclient.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return resultString;
	}
        //get 不带参
	public static String doGet(String url) {
		return doGet(url, null);
	}

	public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
		// 创建一个Httpclient对象
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		String resultString = "";
		try {
			// 创建一个Http Post请求
			HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
			// 创建参数列表
			if (param != null) {
				List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
				for (String key : param.keySet()) {
					paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));
				}
				// 模拟表单
				UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList,"utf-8");
				httpPost.setEntity(entity);
			}
			// 执行http请求并返回响应
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				response.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}

		return resultString;
	}
        //post不带参
	public static String doPost(String url) {
		return doPost(url, null);
	}
	//post json格式参数
	public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) {
		// 创建一个Httpclient对象
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		String resultString = "";
		try {
			// 创建一个Http Post对象
			HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
			// 创建请求内容
			StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
			httpPost.setEntity(entity);
			// 执行http请求并返回响应
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				response.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return resultString;
	}
}

6.2 测试工具类

//通过HttpClientUtil调用方法发送get,post请求的方式
  String result = HttpClientUtil.doPost(url, param); 

三、 实战案例

1 需求

  1. 采用 SOA 架构项目
  2. 使用 HttpClient 调用服务
  3. 完成用户的添加与查询

2 项目架构

9242e9ba8563036c92645f8c00bed00d.png

3 表结构

CREATE TABLE `users` (   `userid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,   `username` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, 
  `userage` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`userid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 

4 创建项目

4.1 创建 commons 项目

4.1.1 创建项目

创建Maven project 的 jar 项目。

4.1.2 需改 POM 文件

添加以下依赖

	<dependencies>
		<!-- Jackson Json处理工具包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
			<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
			<version>4.3.5</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

4.2 创建 service 项目

4.2.1 创建项目

4.2.2 修改 POM 文件

添加以下依赖和插件。

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.bjsxt</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons</artifactId>
			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 单元测试 -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>junit</groupId>
				<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<!-- 日志处理 -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
				<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<!-- Mybatis -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
				<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
				<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<!-- MySql -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>mysql</groupId>
				<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<!-- 连接池 -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
				<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<!-- Spring -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
				<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
				<scope>provided</scope>
			</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	
	<build>
		<resources>
			<resource>
				<directory>src/main/java</directory>
				<includes>
					<include>**/*.xml</include>
				</includes>
			</resource>
			<resource>
				<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
				<includes>
					<include>**/*.xml</include>
					<include>**/*.properties</include>
				</includes>
			</resource>
		</resources>
	
			<plugins>
				<!-- 配置Tomcat插件 -->
				<plugin>
					<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
					<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
					<configuration>
						<path>/</path>
						<port>8080</port>
					</configuration>
				</plugin>
			</plugins>
	</build>

4.3 创建 client 项目

4.3.1 创建项目

创建Maven project的war项目。

4.3.2 修改 POM 文件

添加以下依赖和插件

  <dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.bjsxt</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons</artifactId>
			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 单元测试 -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>junit</groupId>
				<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<!-- 日志处理 -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
				<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			
			<!-- Spring -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
				<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
				<scope>provided</scope>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>jstl</groupId>
				<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
				<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
				<scope>provided</scope>
			</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	
	<build>
		
			<plugins>
				<!-- 配置Tomcat插件 -->
				<plugin>
					<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
					<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
					<configuration>
						<path>/</path>
						<port>8081</port>
					</configuration>
				</plugin>
			</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

5. Client 项目

5.1 JSP页面

addUser.jsp :

<form action="/user/addUser" method="post">
		用户姓名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
		用户年龄:<input type="text" name="userage"/><br/>
		<input type="submit" value="OK"/>
</form>

showUser.jsp:

<table border="1" align="center">
		<tr>
			<th>用户ID</th>
			<th>用户姓名</th>
			<th>用户年龄</th>
		</tr>
		<c:forEach items="${list }" var="user">
			<tr>
				<td>${user.userid }</td>
				<td>${user.username }</td>
				<td>${user.userage }</td>
			</tr>
		</c:forEach>
	</table>

5.2UserService

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

	//添加用户
	@Override
	public void addUser(Users user) {
		String json = JsonUtils.objectToJson(user);
		//访问service端
                String code = HttpClientUtil.doPostJson("http://localhost:8080/user/insertUser", json);
		Map<String, Integer> map = JsonUtils.jsonToPojo(code, Map.class);
		Integer var = map.get("code");
		if(var == 500){
			System.out.println("操作失败");
		}else{
			System.out.println("操作成功");
		}
	}
        //查询所有用户
	@Override
	public List<Users> findUserAll() {
		String var = HttpClientUtil.doPost("http://localhost:8080/user/selectUserAll");
		List<Users> list = JsonUtils.jsonToList(var, Users.class);
		return list;
	}

}

5.3UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
	
	/**
	 * 添加
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/addUser")
	public String addUser(Users user){
		this.userService.addUser(user);
		return "ok";
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查询所有
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/findUser")
	public String findUserAll(Model model){
		List<Users> list = this.userService.findUserAll();
		model.addAttribute("list", list);
		return "showUser";
	}
}

6 Service项目

6.1UserMapper

UserMapper.java:

public interface UserMapper {

	public void insertUser(Users user);
	
	public List<Users> selectUserAll();
	
	Users findUserById(int userid);
	
	void updateUser(Users users);
}

6.2 UserService

UserserviceImpl实现类:

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

	@Autowired
	private UserMapper userMapper;
	
	@Override
	public void insertUser(Users user) {
		this.userMapper.insertUser(user);
	}

	@Override
	public List<Users> selectUserAll() {
		return this.userMapper.selectUserAll();
	}
}

6.3 UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
	
	@RequestMapping("/insertUser")
	@ResponseBody
	public Object insertUser(@RequestBody Users user){
		Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
		try{
			this.userService.insertUser(user);
			map.put("code", 200);
		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
			map.put("code", 500);
		}
		return map;
	}
	
	@RequestMapping("/selectUserAll")
	@ResponseBody
	public Object selectUserAll(){
		return this.userService.selectUserAll();
	}
}
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