python 多继承 __new___带有继承的Python __new__元类行为

I have two questions regarding the behavior of running the below code. Why is __new__ even being called without instantiating an object? I thought __new__ controlled the creation of a new instance. Next, why does delattr raise an AttributeError when hasattr returns True for size?

class ShapeBase(type):

def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):

rv = super(ShapeBase, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)

parents = [base for base in bases if isinstance(base, ShapeBase)]

# don't do anything unless this is a subclass of Shape

if not parents:

return rv

print hasattr(rv, 'altitude') # prints True

print rv.altitude # prints 7

del rv.altitude # deletes altitude from rv

print hasattr(rv, 'size') # prints True

print rv.size # prints 5

delattr(rv, 'size') # raises AttributeError

return rv

class Shape(object):

__metaclass__ = ShapeBase

size = 5

class Triangle(Shape):

altitude = 7

解决方案

For the second question delattr(rv, 'size') (and del rv.size) is failing because the attribute size is a class attribute not an instance attribute which mean is part of the class __dict__ not the instance __dict__.

And the hasattr normally will return True because it search for an attribute in all the parent classes of the object passed to it.

As for why your metaclass __new__ is called when the class body is evaluated think of it like this :

If you create an instance of a class the class __new__ will be called when you create the instance, yes ? so the same should apply on class , a metaclass is a class of a class so the __new__ will be called when you create the class.