es查询所欲_elasticsearch之查询的两种方式

前言

简单的没挑战，来点复杂的，比如查看来自顾家的都有哪些人怎么查呢？elasticsearch提供两种查询方式：

查询字符串(query string)，简单查询，就像是像传递URL参数一样去传递查询语句，被称为简单搜索或查询字符串(query string)搜索。

另外一种是通过DSL语句来进行查询，被称为DSL查询(Query DSL),DSL是Elasticsearch提供的一种丰富且灵活的查询语言，该语言以json请求体的形式出现，通过restful请求与Elasticsearch进行交互。

准备数据

PUT zhifou/doc/1

{

"name":"顾老二",

"age":30,

"from": "gu",

"desc": "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",

"tags": ["黑", "长", "直"]

}

PUT zhifou/doc/2

{

"name":"大娘子",

"age":18,

"from":"sheng",

"desc":"肤白貌美，娇憨可爱",

"tags":["白", "富","美"]

}

PUT zhifou/doc/3

{

"name":"龙套偏房",

"age":22,

"from":"gu",

"desc":"mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",

"tags":["造数据", "真","难"]

}

PUT zhifou/doc/4

{

"name":"石头",

"age":29,

"from":"gu",

"desc":"粗中有细，狐假虎威",

"tags":["粗", "大","猛"]

}

PUT zhifou/doc/5

{

"name":"魏行首",

"age":25,

"from":"广云台",

"desc":"仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月,飘飘兮若流风之回雪,mmp，最后竟然没有嫁给顾老二！",

"tags":["闭月","羞花"]

}

查询字符串

GET zhifou/doc/_search?q=from:gu

还是使用GET命令，通过_serarch查询，查询条件是什么呢？条件是from属性是gu家的人都有哪些。最后，别忘了_search和from属性中间的英文分隔符?。

结果如下：

{

"took" : 1,

"timed_out" : false,

"_shards" : {

"total" : 5,

"successful" : 5,

"skipped" : 0,

"failed" : 0

},

"hits" : {

"total" : 3,

"max_score" : 0.6931472,

"hits" : [

{

"_index" : "zhifou",

"_type" : "doc",

"_id" : "4",

"_score" : 0.6931472,

"_source" : {

"name" : "石头",

"age" : 29,

"from" : "gu",

"desc" : "粗中有细，狐假虎威",

"tags" : [

"粗",

"大",

"猛"

]

}

},

{

"_index" : "zhifou",

"_type" : "doc",

"_id" : "1",

"_score" : 0.2876821,

"_source" : {

"name" : "顾老二",

"age" : 30,

"from" : "gu",

"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",

"tags" : [

"黑",

"长",

"直"

]

}

},

{

"_index" : "zhifou",

"_type" : "doc",

"_id" : "3",

"_score" : 0.2876821,

"_source" : {

"name" : "龙套偏房",

"age" : 22,

"from" : "gu",

"desc" : "mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",

"tags" : [

"造数据",

"真",

"难"

]

}

}

]

}

}

我们来重点说下hits，hits是返回的结果集——所有from属性为gu的结果集。重点中的重点是_score得分，得分是什么呢？根据算法算出跟查询条件的匹配度，匹配度高得分就高。后面再说这个算法是怎么回事。

结构化查询

我们现在使用DSL方式，来完成刚才的查询，查看来自顾家的都有哪些人。

GET zhifou/doc/_search

{

"query": {

"match": {

"from": "gu"

}

}

}

上例，查询条件是一步步构建出来的，将查询条件添加到match中即可，而match则是查询所有from字段的值中含有gu的结果就会返回。

当然结果没啥变化：

{

"took" : 0,

"timed_out" : false,

"_shards" : {

"total" : 5,

"successful" : 5,

"skipped" : 0,

"failed" : 0

},

"hits" : {

"total" : 3,

"max_score" : 0.6931472,

"hits" : [

{

"_index" : "zhifou",

"_type" : "doc",

"_id" : "4",

"_score" : 0.6931472,

"_source" : {

"name" : "石头",

"age" : 29,

"from" : "gu",

"desc" : "粗中有细，狐假虎威",

"tags" : [

"粗",

"大",

"猛"

]

}

},

{

"_index" : "zhifou",

"_type" : "doc",

"_id" : "1",

"_score" : 0.2876821,

"_source" : {

"name" : "顾老二",

"age" : 30,

"from" : "gu",

"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",

"tags" : [

"黑",

"长",

"直"

]

}

},

{

"_index" : "zhifou",

"_type" : "doc",

"_id" : "3",

"_score" : 0.2876821,

"_source" : {

"name" : "龙套偏房",

"age" : 22,

"from" : "gu",

"desc" : "mmp，没怎么看，不知道怎么形容",

"tags" : [

"造数据",

"真",

"难"

]

}

}

]

}

}