mysql降序索引未启用_MySQL 8 新特性之降序索引

MySQL 8.0终于支持降序索引了。其实，从语法上，MySQL 4就支持了，但正如官方文档所言，"they are parsed but ignored"，实际创建的还是升序索引。

无图无真相，同一个建表语句，看看MySQL 5.7和8.0的区别。create table slowtech.t1(c1int,c2int,index idx_c1_c2(c1,c2 desc));

提示，类似代码可左右滑动

MySQL 5.7mysql> show create table slowtech.t1\G

***************************1.row ***************************

Table: t1

CreateTable: CREATE TABLE`t1`(

`c1`int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`c2`int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

KEY`idx_c1_c2`(`c1`,`c2`)

) ENGINE=InnoDBDEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

1rowinset(0.00sec)

虽然c2列指定了desc，但在实际的建表语句中还是将其忽略了。再来看看MySQL 8.0的结果。mysql> show create table slowtech.t1\G

***************************1.row ***************************

Table: t1

CreateTable: CREATE TABLE`t1`(

`c1`int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`c2`int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

KEY`idx_c1_c2`(`c1`,`c2`DESC)

) ENGINE=InnoDBDEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci

1rowinset(0.00sec)

c2列还是保留了desc子句。

降序索引的意义

如果一个查询，需要对多个列进行排序，且顺序要求不一致。在这种场景下，要想避免数据库额外的排序-“filesort”，只能使用降序索引。还是上面这张表，来看看有降序索引和没有的区别。

MySQL 5.7mysql>explainselect*fromslowtech.t1 orderbyc1,c2 desc;

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------------+

|id|select_type|table|partitions|type|possible_keys|key|key_len|ref|rows|filtered|Extra|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------------+

|1|SIMPLE|t1|NULL|index|NULL|idx_c1_c2|10|NULL|1|100.00|Usingindex;Usingfilesort|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------------+

1rowinset,1warning(0.00sec)

MySQL 8.0mysql>explainselect*fromslowtech.t1 orderbyc1,c2 desc;

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

|id|select_type|table|partitions|type|possible_keys|key|key_len|ref|rows|filtered|Extra|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

|1|SIMPLE|t1|NULL|index|NULL|idx_c1_c2|10|NULL|1|100.00|Usingindex|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

1rowinset,1warning(0.00sec)

两者的对比可以看出，MySQL 8.0因为降序索引的存在，避免了“filesort”。

这其实是降序索引的主要应用场景。如果只对单个列进行排序，降序索引的意义不是太大，因为无论是升序还是降序，升序索引完全可以应付。还是同样的表，看看下面的查询。

MySQL 5.7mysql>explainselect*fromslowtech.t1 orderbyc1;

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

|id|select_type|table|partitions|type|possible_keys|key|key_len|ref|rows|filtered|Extra|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

|1|SIMPLE|t1|NULL|index|NULL|idx_c1_c2|10|NULL|1|100.00|Usingindex|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

1rowinset,1warning(0.00sec)

mysql>explainselect*fromslowtech.t1 orderbyc1 desc;

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

|id|select_type|table|partitions|type|possible_keys|key|key_len|ref|rows|filtered|Extra|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

|1|SIMPLE|t1|NULL|index|NULL|idx_c1_c2|10|NULL|1|100.00|Usingindex|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

1rowinset,1warning(0.00sec)

虽然c1是升序索引，但在第二个查询中，对其进行降序排列时，并没有进行额外的排序，使用的还是索引。

在这里，大家容易有个误区，以为升序索引就不能用于降序排列，实际上，对于索引，MySQL不仅支持正向扫描，还可以反向扫描。反向扫描的性能同样不差。

以下是官方对于降序索引的压测结果，测试表也只有两列(a，b)，建了一个联合索引(a desc,b asc)，感兴趣的童鞋可以看看，http://mysqlserverteam.com/mysql-8-0-labs-descending-indexes-in-mysql/

在8.0中，对于反向扫描，有一个专门的词进行描述 Backward index scan

。

MySQL 8.0mysql>explainselect*fromslowtech.t1 orderbyc1;

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

|id|select_type|table|partitions|type|possible_keys|key|key_len|ref|rows|filtered|Extra|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

|1|SIMPLE|t1|NULL|index|NULL|idx_c1_c2|10|NULL|1|100.00|Usingindex|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+

1rowinset,1warning(0.00sec)

mysql>explainselect*fromslowtech.t1 orderbyc1 desc;

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------+

|id|select_type|table|partitions|type|possible_keys|key|key_len|ref|rows|filtered|Extra|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------+

|1|SIMPLE|t1|NULL|index|NULL|idx_c1_c2|10|NULL|1|100.00|Backwardindex scan;Usingindex|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------+

1rowinset,1warning(0.00sec)

终于不再对group by进行隐式排序

由于降序索引的引入，MySQL 8.0再也不会对group by操作进行隐式排序。

下面看看MySQL 5.7和8中的测试情况create table slowtech.t1(idint);

insertintoslowtech.t1 values(2);

insertintoslowtech.t1 values(3);

insertintoslowtech.t1 values(1);

MySQL 5.7mysql>select*fromslowtech.t1groupbyid;

+------+

|id|

+------+

|1|

|2|

|3|

+------+

3rowsinset(0.00sec)

mysql>explainselect*fromslowtech.t1groupbyid;

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------+

|id|select_type|table|partitions|type|possible_keys|key|key_len|ref|rows|filtered|Extra|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------+

|1|SIMPLE|t1|NULL|ALL|NULL|NULL|NULL|NULL|3|100.00|Usingtemporary;Usingfilesort|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------+

1rowinset,1warning(0.00sec)

“Using filesort”，代表查询中有排序操作，从结果上看，id列确实也是升序输出。

MySQL 8.0mysql>select*fromslowtech.t1groupbyid;

+------+

|id|

+------+

|2|

|3|

|1|

+------+

3rowsinset(0.00sec)

mysql>explainselect*fromslowtech.t1groupbyid;

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+

|id|select_type|table|partitions|type|possible_keys|key|key_len|ref|rows|filtered|Extra|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+

|1|SIMPLE|t1|NULL|ALL|NULL|NULL|NULL|NULL|3|100.00|Usingtemporary|

+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+

1rowinset,1warning(0.01sec)

不仅结果没有升序输出，执行计划中也没有“Using filesort”。

可见，MySQL 8.0对于group by操作确实不再进行隐式排序。

从5.7升级到8.0，依赖group by隐式排序的业务可要小心咯。