【MNIST】

1. Normal Neural Network：

首先我用的是两层（input layer 和 output layer）的feed-forward的神经网络结构来训练数据, y = wx + b, 在输出层用的是softmax求概率，算loss用的是交叉熵的办法，选用梯度下降法来最小化loss更新参数w和b，通过对比output和input对应的label，计算出准确率，因为此网络结构较简单，只能达到91%的accuracy。

 

代码实现：

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)

sess = tf.InteractiveSession()

# input x 和 label y_
x = tf.placeholder("float", shape=[None, 784])
y_ = tf.placeholder("float", shape=[None, 10])

# 初始化权值和偏置
W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784, 10]))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))

# 初始化所有的变量
sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())

# 求输出，用softmax：y = Wx + b
y = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(x, W) + b)

# 交叉熵作为cost function
cross_entropy = -tf.reduce_sum(y_ * tf.log(y))

# 用梯度下降法最小化交叉熵来更新参数
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.01).minimize(cross_entropy)

# 进行训练过程
for i in range(1000):
    batch = mnist.train.next_batch(100)
    optimizer.run(feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1]})  # 引入x和y_的值

# 判断y和y_是否equal
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y, 1), tf.argmax(y_, 1))

# 把判断y和y_的布尔值转化为数值
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, "float"))

# 输出test数据集的accuracy
print(accuracy.eval(feed_dict={x: mnist.train.images, y_: mnist.train.labels}))
print(accuracy.eval(feed_dict={x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels}))

2. CNN

用卷积神经网络结构进行了手写数字识别，主要用到的方法有：conv, max_pooling, ReLU, dropout, softmax. 计算loss用的是交叉熵，用Adam来最小化loss更新参数，准确率可以达到99.27%

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)

sess = tf.InteractiveSession()

x = tf.placeholder("float", shape=[None, 784])
y_ = tf.placeholder("float", shape=[None, 10])

# 权重和偏差初始化
def weight_variable(shape):
    initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)
    return tf.Variable(initial)

def bias_variable(shape):
    initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)
    return tf.Variable(initial)

# 建立卷积和池化的函数
def conv2d(x, W):
    return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')

def max_pool_2x2(x):
    return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                          strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')

# 第一层卷积
W_conv1 = weight_variable([5, 5, 1, 32])  # 32 个 5x5 的filter
b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])
x_image = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 28, 28, 1])
h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image, W_conv1) + b_conv1)
h_pool1 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)

# 第二层卷积
W_conv2 = weight_variable([5, 5, 32, 64])  # 64个5x5x32的filter
b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])
h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1, W_conv2) + b_conv2)
h_pool2 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)

# fully connected layer
W_fc1 = weight_variable([7 * 7 * 64, 1024])
b_fc1 = bias_variable([1024])
h_pool2_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool2, [-1, 7 * 7 * 64])
h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)

# dropout：keep_prob:概率；在训练过程中使用dropout，在测试过程中不用dropout
keep_prob = tf.placeholder("float")
h_fc1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1, keep_prob)

# output layer：softmax
W_fc2 = weight_variable([1024, 10])
b_fc2 = bias_variable([10])

y_conv = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop, W_fc2) + b_fc2)

# 训练和评估模型
cross_entropy = -tf.reduce_sum(y_ * tf.log(y_conv))
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(cross_entropy)
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_conv, 1), tf.argmax(y_, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, "float"))
sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())
for i in range(20000):
    batch = mnist.train.next_batch(50)
    if i % 100 == 0:
        train_accuracy = accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
            x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 1.0})
        print("step %d, training accuracy %g" % (i, train_accuracy))
    train_step.run(feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 0.5})

print("test accuracy %g" % accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
    x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels, keep_prob: 1.0}))