python3.82版本安装_CentOS7下安装Python3和Python2并存

(一)简述

刚安装的centos7.4版本默认是安装Python2.7，由于一些命令需要使用的原因，比如yum等，使用的是2.7.5版本的，由于现在很多库包括django都是使用Python3,

因此，有这样的需求：yum使用python2.7版本，django和其他的使用默认的python3版本。

(二)查看并备份python2相关信息

1，使用python -V 可以查看默认的版本信息。

[root@localhost ~]# python -V

Python 2.7.5

2，然后使用which python 查看下python的可执行文件的位置。

[root@localhost ~]# which python

/usr/bin/python

3，可执行文件在/usr/bin/目录下，查看有关python的文件，ll /usr/bin/python*。通过查看可以得知python默认指向的是python2.7

[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin/python*

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Dec 21 15:23 /usr/bin/python -> python2

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Dec 21 15:23 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7136 Aug 4 2017 /usr/bin/python2.7

重要：通过查看可以得知python默认指向的是python2.7，由于还没有安装python3,可以先备份python文件，等python3安装好了后再创建软连接即可

4，备份默认python2.7版本

[root@localhost bin]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak

(三)方法一：安装配置python3

1，安装相关的包yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make

[root@localhost bin]# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Package zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package sqlite-devel-3.7.17-8.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package gcc-4.8.5-16.el7_4.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Package 1:make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package bzip2-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed

[root@localhost usr]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tar.xz

--2018-03-08 00:05:54-- https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tar.xz

Resolving www.python.org (www.python.org)... 151.101.228.223, 2a04:4e42:12::223

Connecting to www.python.org (www.python.org)|151.101.228.223|:443... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 16992824 (16M) [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: ‘Python-3.6.4.tar.xz’

16% [==============> ] 2,781,624 49.4KB/s eta 4m 49s

3，安装python3

[root@localhost tmp]# tar xf Python-3.6.1.tar.xz

[root@localhost tmp]# cd Python-3.6.1

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# make &&make install

4,在/usr/bin/下创建软连接，和配置环境变量

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# python -V

Python 3.6.1

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# python2 -V

Python 2.7.5

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ll /usr/bin/python*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Mar 7 05:38 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jan 29 16:34 /usr/bin/python2 -> python2.7

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7136 Aug 4 2017 /usr/bin/python2.7

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jan 29 16:34 /usr/bin/python2.bak -> python2

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile

PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local/python3

export PATH=$PATH:$PYTHON_HOME/bin

5，配置正常使用yum，使yum使用python2.7版本，否则会报错的。

5.1，修改/usr/bin/yum文件把#! /usr/bin/python修改为#! /usr/bin/python2

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# vim /usr/bin/yum

#!/usr/bin/python2

5.2，修改/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down文件，把里面的#! /usr/bin/python 也要修改为#! /usr/bin/python2

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

#! /usr/bin/python2

6，如果使用pip的话，简历pip3的软连接。

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]#ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

[root@localhost Python-3.6.1]# ll /usr/bin/pip3

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Mar 7 05:41 /usr/bin/pip3 -> /usr/local/python3.6/bin/pip3

至此，一台服务器上默认的版本是python3 ,同时python2页存在了，可以正常使用yum来进行安装所需的软件了。

(四)方法二：建立Python虚拟环境(方便快捷，推荐使用)

1，安装依赖包

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install wget sqlite-devel xz gcc automake zlib-devel openssl-devel epel-release git

2，编译安装

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz

[root@localhost ~]# tar xvf Python-3.6.1.tar.xz && cd Python-3.6.1

[root@localhost ~]# ./configure && make && make install

3，建立Python虚拟环境。因为 CentOS 6/7 自带的是 Python2，而 Yum 等工具依赖原来的 Python，为了不扰乱原来的环境我们来使用 Python 虚拟环境

[root@localhost ~]#cd /opt

[root@localhost ~]#python3 -m venv py3

[root@localhost ~]#source /opt/py3/bin/activate

(py3) [root@localhost ~]#

############看到下面的提示符代表成功，以后运行Python脚本都要先运行以上 source 命令，以下所有命令均在该虚拟环境中运行############