mysql内联视图语句_Oracle 内联视图优化，视图合并的抉择

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===================================================== Oracle 内联视图优化，视图合并的抉择内联视图in-line view，就是sql中from后面有select子查询，或者sql中包含有用create view创建的视图，CBO可能会将内联视图或者视图展开，进行相应的等价改写，这

=====================================================

Oracle 内联视图优化，视图合并的抉择

内联视图in-line view，就是sql中from后面有select子查询，或者sql中包含有用create view创建的视图，CBO可能会将内联视图或者视图展开，进行相应的等价改写，这种就叫视图合并。直接看一个sql的执行计划

1. user_tables和dba_objects都是静态数据字典，我们来看下sql的执行计划

SELECT to_char(wmsys.wm_concat(a.TABLE_NAME))

FROM user_tables a, dba_objects b

WHERE a.TABLE_NAME = b.OBJECT_NAME

AND b.OWNER = 'SCOTT'

AND B.OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE';

执行计划

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 555706832

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 190 | 1750 (1)| 00:00:22 |

| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 190 | | |

|* 2 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 2425 | 449K| 1750 (1)| 00:00:22 |

| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | SEG$ | 5832 | 64152 | 38 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 4 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 2385 | 416K| 1711 (1)| 00:00:21 |

| 5 | INDEX FULL SCAN | I_USER2 | 93 | 372 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 6 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 2385 | 407K| 1710 (1)| 00:00:21 |

|* 7 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 2385 | 388K| 1662 (1)| 00:00:20 |

|* 8 | HASH JOIN | | 2385 | 377K| 1614 (1)| 00:00:20 |

| 9 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | TS$ | 7 | 21 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 10 | NESTED LOOPS | | 2385 | 370K| 1611 (1)| 00:00:20 |

|* 11 | HASH JOIN | | 2385 | 300K| 1517 (1)| 00:00:19 |

| 12 | VIEW | DBA_OBJECTS | 2359 | 58975 | 1313 (1)| 00:00:16 |

| 13 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |

|* 14 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | SUM$ | 1 | 9 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 15 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_SUM$_1 | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 16 | FILTER | | | | | |

|* 17 | HASH JOIN | | 25 | 3050 | 48 (3)| 00:00:01 |

| 18 | NESTED LOOPS | | 25 | 2500 | 46 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 19 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| USER$ | 1 | 17 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 20 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_USER1 | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 21 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| OBJ$ | 25 | 2075 | 45 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 22 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | I_OBJ5 | 25 | | 27 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 23 | INDEX FULL SCAN | I_USER2 | 93 | 2046 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 24 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | IND$ | 1 | 8 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 25 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_IND1 | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 26 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 29 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 27 | INDEX FULL SCAN | I_USER2 | 1 | 20 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 28 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | I_OBJ4 | 1 | 9 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 29 | FILTER | | | | | |

| 30 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 96 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 31 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | USER$ | 1 | 17 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 32 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_USER1 | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 33 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | I_LINK1 | 1 | 79 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 34 | MERGE JOIN CARTESIAN | | 2530 | 256K| 203 (2)| 00:00:03 |

|* 35 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 68 | 1 (100)| 00:00:01 |

|* 36 | FIXED TABLE FULL | X$KSPPI | 1 | 55 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 37 | FIXED TABLE FULL | X$KSPPCV | 100 | 1300 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 38 | BUFFER SORT | | 2530 | 91080 | 203 (2)| 00:00:03 |

|* 39 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | OBJ$ | 2530 | 91080 | 203 (2)| 00:00:03 |

|* 40 | TABLE ACCESS CLUSTER | TAB$ | 1 | 30 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 41 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_OBJ# | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 42 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN | I_OBJ1 | 73384 | 358K| 47 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 43 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN | I_OBJ1 | 73384 | 573K| 47 (0)| 00:00:01 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SELECTto_char(wmsys.wm_concat(a.TABLE_NAME))

FROMuser_tablesa,dba_objectsb

WHEREa.TABLE_NAME=b.OBJECT_NAME

ANDb.OWNER='SCOTT'

ANDB.OBJECT_TYPE='TABLE';

执行计划

----------------------------------------------------------

Planhashvalue:555706832

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|0|SELECTSTATEMENT||1|190|1750(1)|00:00:22|

|1|SORTAGGREGATE||1|190|||

|*2|HASHJOINRIGHTOUTER||2425|449K|1750(1)|00:00:22|

|3|TABLEACCESSFULL|SEG$|5832|64152|38(0)|00:00:01|

|*4|HASHJOINRIGHTOUTER||2385|416K|1711(1)|00:00:21|

|5|INDEXFULLSCAN|I_USER2|93|372|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*6|HASHJOINOUTER||2385|407K|1710(1)|00:00:21|

|*7|HASHJOINOUTER||2385|388K|1662(1)|00:00:20|

|*8|HASHJOIN||2385|377K|1614(1)|00:00:20|

|9|TABLEACCESSFULL|TS$|7|21|3(0)|00:00:01|

|10|NESTEDLOOPS||2385|370K|1611(1)|00:00:20|

|*11|HASHJOIN||2385|300K|1517(1)|00:00:19|

|12|VIEW|DBA_OBJECTS|2359|58975|1313(1)|00:00:16|

|13|UNION-ALL||||||

|*14|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|SUM$|1|9|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*15|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_SUM$_1|1||0(0)|00:00:01|

|*16|FILTER||||||

|*17|HASHJOIN||25|3050|48(3)|00:00:01|

|18|NESTEDLOOPS||25|2500|46(0)|00:00:01|

|19|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|USER$|1|17|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*20|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_USER1|

1||0(0)|00:00:01|

|*21|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|OBJ$|25|2075|45(0)|00:00:01|

|*22|INDEXRANGESCAN|I_OBJ5|25||27(0)|00:00:01|

|23|INDEXFULLSCAN|I_USER2|93|2046|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*24|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|IND$|1|8|2(0)|00:00:01|

|*25|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_IND1|1||1(0)|00:00:01|

|26|NESTEDLOOPS||1|29|2(0)|00:00:01|

|*27|INDEXFULLSCAN|I_USER2|

1|20|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*28|INDEXRANGESCAN|I_OBJ4|1|9|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*29|FILTER||||||

|30|NESTEDLOOPS||1|96|1(0)|00:00:01|

|31|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|USER$|1|17|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*32|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_USER1|1||0(0)|00:00:01|

|*33|INDEXRANGESCAN|I_LINK1|1|79|0(0)|00:00:01|

|34|MERGEJOINCARTESIAN||2530|256K|203(2)|00:00:03|

|*35|HASHJOIN||1|68|1(100)|00:00:01|

|*36|FIXEDTABLEFULL|X$KSPPI|1|55|0(0)|00:00:01|

|37|FIXEDTABLEFULL|X$KSPPCV|100|1300|0(0)|00:00:01|

|38|BUFFERSORT||2530|91080|203(2)|00:00:03|

|*39|TABLEACCESSFULL|OBJ$|2530|91080|203(2)|00:00:03|

|*40|TABLEACCESSCLUSTER|TAB$|1|30|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*41|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_OBJ#|1||0(0)|00:00:01|

|42|INDEXFASTFULLSCAN|I_OBJ1|73384|358K|47(0)|00:00:01|

|43|INDEXFASTFULLSCAN|I_OBJ1|73384|573K|47(0)|00:00:01|

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

可以看到id=12这一步有一个view关键字，这一步正好是提取dba_objects视图的数据，然后此表和id=34这一步进行hash join，但hash join的表并不是sql当中的user_tables，而且在整个执行计划当中都找不到这个视图的信息，此视图被展开了。但这种情况我们是不需要展开的

2. 既然不需要展开，我们直接使用hint禁止视图合并

SQL> SELECT /*+ no_merge(a) */ to_char(wmsys.wm_concat(a.TABLE_NAME))

2 FROM user_tables a, dba_objects b

3 WHERE a.TABLE_NAME = b.OBJECT_NAME

4 AND b.OWNER = 'SCOTT'

5 AND B.OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE';

执行计划

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 3412902540

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 50 | 1756 (1)| 00:00:22 |

| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 50 | | |

|* 2 | HASH JOIN | | 2359 | 115K| 1756 (1)| 00:00:22 |

| 3 | VIEW | DBA_OBJECTS | 2359 | 58975 | 1313 (1)| 00:00:16 |

| 4 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |

|* 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | SUM$ | 1 | 9 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 6 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_SUM$_1 | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 7 | FILTER | | | | | |

|* 8 | HASH JOIN | | 25 | 3050 | 48 (3)| 00:00:01 |

| 9 | NESTED LOOPS | | 25 | 2500 | 46 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 10 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| USER$ | 1 | 17 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 11 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_USER1 | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 12 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| OBJ$ | 25 | 2075 | 45 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 13 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | I_OBJ5 | 25 | | 27 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 14 | INDEX FULL SCAN | I_USER2 | 93 | 2046 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 15 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | IND$ | 1 | 8 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 16 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_IND1 | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 17 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 29 | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 18 | INDEX FULL SCAN | I_USER2 | 1 | 20 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 19 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | I_OBJ4 | 1 | 9 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 20 | FILTER | | | | | |

| 21 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 96 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 22 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | USER$ | 1 | 17 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 23 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_USER1 | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 24 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | I_LINK1 | 1 | 79 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 25 | VIEW | USER_TABLES | 2573 | 64325 | 442 (2)| 00:00:06 |

|* 26 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 2573 | 414K| 442 (2)| 00:00:06 |

| 27 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | SEG$ | 5832 | 64152 | 38 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 28 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER | | 2530 | 380K| 403 (2)| 00:00:05 |

| 29 | INDEX FULL SCAN | I_USER2 | 93 | 372 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 30 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 2530 | 370K| 402 (2)| 00:00:05 |

|* 31 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 2530 | 350K| 354 (2)| 00:00:05 |

|* 32 | HASH JOIN | | 2530 | 338K| 306 (2)| 00:00:04 |

| 33 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | TS$ | 7 | 21 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 34 | NESTED LOOPS | | 2530 | 331K| 302 (1)| 00:00:04 |

| 35 | MERGE JOIN CARTESIAN | | 2530 | 256K| 203 (2)| 00:00:03 |

|* 36 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 68 | 1 (100)| 00:00:01 |

|* 37 | FIXED TABLE FULL | X$KSPPI | 1 | 55 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 38 | FIXED TABLE FULL | X$KSPPCV | 100 | 1300 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 39 | BUFFER SORT | | 2530 | 91080 | 203 (2)| 00:00:03 |

|* 40 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | OBJ$ | 2530 | 91080 | 203 (2)| 00:00:03 |

|* 41 | TABLE ACCESS CLUSTER | TAB$ | 1 | 30 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 42 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | I_OBJ# | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 43 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN | I_OBJ1 | 73384 | 358K| 47 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 44 | INDEX FAST FULL SCAN | I_OBJ1 | 73384 | 573K| 47 (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL>SELECT/*+ no_merge(a)

*/to_char(wmsys.wm_concat(a.TABLE_NAME))

2FROMuser_tablesa,dba_objectsb

3WHEREa.TABLE_NAME=b.OBJECT_NAME

4ANDb.OWNER='SCOTT'

5ANDB.OBJECT_TYPE='TABLE';

执行计划

----------------------------------------------------------

Planhashvalue:3412902540

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|0|SELECTSTATEMENT||1|50|1756(1)|00:00:22|

|1|SORTAGGREGATE||1|50|||

|*2|HASHJOIN||2359|115K|1756(1)|00:00:22|

|3|VIEW|DBA_OBJECTS|2359|58975|1313(1)|00:00:16|

|4|UNION-ALL||||||

|*5|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|SUM$|1|9|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*6|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_SUM$_1|1||0(0)|00:00:01|

|*7|FILTER||||||

|*8|HASHJOIN||25|3050|48(3)|00:00:01|

|9|NESTEDLOOPS||25|2500|46(0)|00:00:01|

|10|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|USER$|1|17|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*11|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_USER1|

1||0(0)|00:00:01|

|*12|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|OBJ$|25|2075|45(0)|00:00:01|

|*13|INDEXRANGESCAN|I_OBJ5|25||27(0)|00:00:01|

|14|INDEXFULLSCAN|I_USER2|93|2046|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*15|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|IND$|1|8|2(0)|00:00:01|

|*16|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_IND1|1||1(0)|00:00:01|

|17|NESTEDLOOPS||1|29|2(0)|00:00:01|

|*18|INDEXFULLSCAN|I_USER2|

1|20|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*19|INDEXRANGESCAN|I_OBJ4|1|9|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*20|FILTER||||||

|21|NESTEDLOOPS||1|96|1(0)|00:00:01|

|22|TABLEACCESSBYINDEXROWID|USER$|1|17|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*23|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_USER1|1||0(0)|00:00:01|

|*24|INDEXRANGESCAN|I_LINK1|1|79|0(0)|00:00:01|

|25|VIEW|USER_TABLES|2573|64325|442(2)|00:00:06|

|*26|HASHJOINRIGHTOUTER||2573|414K|442(2)|00:00:06|

|27|TABLEACCESSFULL|SEG$|5832|64152|38(0)|00:00:01|

|*28|HASHJOINRIGHTOUTER||2530|380K|403(2)|00:00:05|

|29|INDEXFULLSCAN|I_USER2|93|372|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*30|HASHJOINOUTER||2530|370K|402(2)|00:00:05|

|*31|HASHJOINOUTER||2530|350K|354(2)|00:00:05|

|*32|HASHJOIN||2530|338K|306(2)|00:00:04|

|33|TABLEACCESSFULL|TS$|7|21|3(0)|00:00:01|

|34|NESTEDLOOPS||2530|331K|302(1)|00:00:04|

|35|MERGEJOINCARTESIAN||2530|256K|203(2)|00:00:03|

|*36|HASHJOIN||1|68|1(100)|00:00:01|

|*37|FIXEDTABLEFULL|X$KSPPI|1|55|0(0)|00:00:01|

|38|FIXEDTABLEFULL|X$KSPPCV|100|1300|0(0)|00:00:01|

|39|BUFFERSORT||2530|91080|203(2)|00:00:03|

|*40|TABLEACCESSFULL|OBJ$|2530|91080|203(2)|00:00:03|

|*41|TABLEACCESSCLUSTER|TAB$|1|30|1(0)|00:00:01|

|*42|INDEXUNIQUESCAN|I_OBJ#|1||0(0)|00:00:01|

|43|INDEXFASTFULLSCAN|I_OBJ1|73384|358K|47(0)|00:00:01|

|44|INDEXFASTFULLSCAN|I_OBJ1|73384|573K|47(0)|00:00:01|

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在可以在执行计划中看到id=3和id=25这两步都是视图，通过hash join连接。

疑问：为什么这里不需要视图合并？

答曰：如果不视图合并，那整个视图就会当成一整块，在sql执行的时候，这个视图就是一个结果集，然后再去和另一个结果集关联。如果合并了的话，那这个视图就会被拆散，视图里面的关联就会分开run，并不是每次视图合并都是高效的。

在执行计划中，如果看到view关键字，说明视图没有展开，也就是视图没有合并，如果本来sql中有内联视图或者视图，但执行计划中没有看到view关键字，那这个sql就进行了视图合并。

此外还需要注意的是，如果sql中的内联视图有聚合等操作，比如rownum，start with，connect by，union，union all，rollup，cube等，这种内联视图就不能展开，因为内联视图被固化了，碰到这种情况就需要注意，如果内联视图中结果集很大，那sql估计就要改写了，因为这个内联视图会最先执行。

http://www.savedba.com/?p=816

============================================

3.1.1.1　内联视图合并

2013-02-25 16:45 黄玮机械工业出版社我要评论(0) 字号：T

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test.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.51cto.com%2Fimages%2Fart%2Fnewart1012%2Fimages%2FFav.gif&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.csdn.net%2Fhaiross%2Farticle%2Fdetails%2F42101799

《Oracle高性能SQL引擎剖析：SQL优化与调优机制详解》第3章查询转换，在本章中，我们将会了解到以下内容：Oracle的逻辑优化技术中，存在哪些启发式查询转换技术，以及它们的具体含义和示例；Oracle的逻辑优化技术中，存在哪些基于代价的查询转换技术，以及它们的具体含义和示例。本节为大家介绍内联视图合并。

AD：2014WOT全球软件技术峰会北京站课程视频发布

3.1.1.1　内联视图合并

我们以下面两个执行计划为例，简要说明视图合并技术对执行计划优化的影响，见代码清单3-1。

代码清单3-1　内联视图合并

HELLODBA.COM>exec sql_explain('select /*+no_merge(o)*/* from t_tables t, v_objects_sys o where

t.owner=o.owner andt.table_name=object_nameandt.tablespace_name= :A and t.table_name

like :B ando.status=:C', 'TYPICAL');

Plan hash value: 3284354748

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 3 | 840 | 87 (3)| 00:00:01 |

|* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 3 | 840 | 87 (3)| 00:00:01 |

| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | T_TABLES | 9 | 1836 | 13 (8)| 00:00:01 |

| 3 | BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS | | | | | |

| 4 | BITMAP AND | | | | | |

| 5 | BITMAP CONVERSION FROM ROWIDS| | | | | |

|* 6 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T_TABLES_IDX3 | 184 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 7 | BITMAP CONVERSION FROM ROWIDS| | | | | |

| 8 | SORT ORDER BY | | | | | |

|* 9 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T_TABLES_PK | 184 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 10 | VIEW | V_OBJECTS_SYS | 571 | 43396 | 73 (0)| 00:00:01 |

| 11 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | T_OBJECTS | 571 | 47393 | 73 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 12 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T_OBJECTS_IDX1 | 103 | | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

1 - access("T"."OWNER&quo

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mysql内联视图语句_Oracle 内联视图优化，视图合并的抉择

===================================================== Oracle 内联视图优化，视图合并的抉择内联视图in-line view，就是sql中from后面有select子查询，或者sql中包含有用create view创建的视图，CBO可能会将内联视图或者视图展开，进行相应的等价改写，这============================...
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