python怎么写矩阵_矩阵类的python实现

1 importcopy2

3 classMatrix:4 '''矩阵类'''

5 def __init__(self, row, column, fill=0.0):6 self.shape =(row, column)7 self.row =row8 self.column =column9 self._matrix = [[fill]*column for i inrange(row)]10

11 #返回元素m(i, j)的值: m[i, j]

12 def __getitem__(self, index):13 ifisinstance(index, int):14 return self._matrix[index-1]15 elifisinstance(index, tuple):16 return self._matrix[index[0]-1][index[1]-1]17

18 #设置元素m(i,j)的值为s: m[i, j] = s

19 def __setitem__(self, index, value):20 ifisinstance(index, int):21 self._matrix[index-1] =copy.deepcopy(value)22 elifisinstance(index, tuple):23 self._matrix[index[0]-1][index[1]-1] =value24

25 def __eq__(self, N):26 '''相等'''

27 #A == B

28 assert isinstance(N, Matrix), "类型不匹配，不能比较"

29 return N.shape ==self.shape #比较维度，可以修改为别的30

31 def __add__(self, N):32 '''加法'''

33 #A + B

34 assert N.shape == self.shape, "维度不匹配，不能相加"

35 M =Matrix(self.row, self.column)36 for r inrange(self.row):37 for c inrange(self.column):38 M[r, c] = self[r, c] +N[r, c]39 returnM40

41 def __sub__(self, N):42 '''减法'''

43 #A - B

44 assert N.shape == self.shape, "维度不匹配，不能相减"

45 M =Matrix(self.row, self.column)46 for r inrange(self.row):47 for c inrange(self.column):48 M[r, c] = self[r, c] -N[r, c]49 returnM50

51 def __mul__(self, N):52 '''乘法'''

53 #A * B (或：A * 2.0)

54 if isinstance(N, int) orisinstance(N,float):55 M =Matrix(self.row, self.column)56 for r inrange(self.row):57 for c inrange(self.column):58 M[r, c] = self[r, c]*N59 else:60 assert N.row == self.column, "维度不匹配，不能相乘"

61 M =Matrix(self.row, N.column)62 for r inrange(self.row):63 for c inrange(N.column):64 sum =065 for k inrange(self.column):66 sum += self[r, k] *N[k, r]67 M[r, c] =sum68 returnM69

70 def __div__(self, N):71 '''除法'''

72 #A / B

73 pass

74 def __pow__(self, k):75 '''乘方'''

76 #A**k

77 assert self.row == self.column, "不是方阵，不能乘方"

78 M =copy.deepcopy(self)79 for i inrange(k):80 M = M *self81 returnM82

83 defrank(self):84 '''矩阵的秩'''

85 pass

86

87 deftrace(self):88 '''矩阵的迹'''

89 pass

90

91 defadjoint(self):92 '''伴随矩阵'''

93 pass

94

95 definvert(self):96 '''逆矩阵'''

97 assert self.row == self.column, "不是方阵"

98 M = Matrix(self.row, self.column*2)99 I = self.identity() #单位矩阵

100 I.show()#############################

101

102 #拼接

103 for r in range(1,M.row+1):104 temp =self[r]105 temp.extend(I[r])106 M[r] =copy.deepcopy(temp)107 M.show()#############################

108

109 #初等行变换

110 for r in range(1, M.row+1):111 #本行首元素(M[r, r])若为 0，则向下交换最近的当前列元素非零的行

112 if M[r, r] ==0:113 for rr in range(r+1, M.row+1):114 if M[rr, r] !=0:115 M[r],M[rr] = M[rr],M[r] #交换两行

116 break

117

118 assert M[r, r] != 0, '矩阵不可逆'

119

120 #本行首元素(M[r, r])化为 1

121 temp = M[r,r] #缓存

122 for c in range(r, M.column+1):123 M[r, c] /=temp124 print("M[{0}, {1}] /= {2}".format(r,c,temp))125 M.show()126

127 #本列上、下方的所有元素化为 0

128 for rr in range(1, M.row+1):129 temp = M[rr, r] #缓存

130 for c in range(r, M.column+1):131 if rr ==r:132 continue

133 M[rr, c] -= temp *M[r, c]134 print("M[{0}, {1}] -= {2} * M[{3}, {1}]".format(rr, c, temp,r))135 M.show()136

137 #截取逆矩阵

138 N =Matrix(self.row,self.column)139 for r in range(1,self.row+1):140 N[r] =M[r][self.row:]141 returnN142

143

144 defjieti(self):145 '''行简化阶梯矩阵'''

146 pass

147

148

149 deftranspose(self):150 '''转置'''

151 M =Matrix(self.column, self.row)152 for r inrange(self.column):153 for c inrange(self.row):154 M[r, c] =self[c, r]155 returnM156

157 defcofactor(self, row, column):158 '''代数余子式（用于行列式展开）'''

159 assert self.row == self.column, "不是方阵，无法计算代数余子式"

160 assert self.row >= 3, "至少是3*3阶方阵"

161 assert row <= self.row and column <= self.column, "下标超出范围"

162 M = Matrix(self.column-1, self.row-1)163 for r inrange(self.row):164 if r ==row:165 continue

166 for c inrange(self.column):167 if c ==column:168 continue

169 rr = r-1 if r > row elser170 cc = c-1 if c > column elsec171 M[rr, cc] =self[r, c]172 returnM173

174 defdet(self):175 '''计算行列式(determinant)'''

176 assert self.row == self.column,"非行列式，不能计算"

177 if self.shape == (2,2):178 return self[1,1]*self[2,2]-self[1,2]*self[2,1]179 else:180 sum = 0.0

181 for c in range(self.column+1):182 sum += (-1)**(c+1)*self[1,c]*self.cofactor(1,c).det()183 returnsum184

185 defzeros(self):186 '''全零矩阵'''

187 M = Matrix(self.column, self.row, fill=0.0)188 returnM189

190 defones(self):191 '''全1矩阵'''

192 M = Matrix(self.column, self.row, fill=1.0)193 returnM194

195 defidentity(self):196 '''单位矩阵'''

197 assert self.row == self.column, "非n*n矩阵，无单位矩阵"

198 M =Matrix(self.column, self.row)199 for r inrange(self.row):200 for c inrange(self.column):201 M[r, c] = 1.0 if r == c else 0.0

202 returnM203

204 defshow(self):205 '''打印矩阵'''

206 for r inrange(self.row):207 for c inrange(self.column):208 print(self[r+1, c+1],end=' ')209 print()210

211

212 if __name__ == '__main__':213 m = Matrix(3,3,fill=2.0)214 n = Matrix(3,3,fill=3.5)215

216 m[1] = [1.,1.,2.]217 m[2] = [1.,2.,1.]218 m[3] = [2.,1.,1.]219

220 p = m *n221 q = m*2.1

222 r = m**3

223 #r.show()

224 #q.show()

225 #print(p[1,1])

226

227 #r = m.invert()

228 #s = r*m

229

230 print()231 m.show()232 print()233 #r.show()

234 print()235 #s.show()

236 print()237 print(m.det())