gensim是一个主题模型的python库,
可以在官网下载http://radimrehurek.com/gensim/index.html
以下代码使用gensim来计算文档之间的相关性,使用的是tfidf模型。文档在下面用一句话代替
from gensim import corpora, models, similarities
# nine documents,each consisting of only a single sentence
documents = ["Human machine interface for lab abc computer applications",
"A survey of user opinion of computer system response time",
"The EPS user interface management system",
"System and human system engineering testing of EPS",
"Relation of user perceived response time to error measurement",
"The generation of random binary unordered trees",
"The intersection graph of paths in trees",
"Graph minors IV Widths of trees and well quasi ordering",
"Graph minors A survey"]
# remove commen words and tokenize
stoplist = set('for a of the and to in'.split())
texts = [[word for word in document.lower().split() if word not in stoplist]
for document in documents]
# remove words that appear only once
from collections import defaultdict
frequency = defaultdict(int)
for text in texts:
for token in text:
frequency[token] += 1
texts = [[token for token in text if frequency[token] > 1]
for text in texts]
from pprint import pprint
pprint(texts)
dictionary = corpora.Dictionary(texts)
dictionary.save('tmp/deerwester.dict') # store the dictionary,for future reference
print(dictionary)
print(dictionary.token2id)
new_doc = "Human computer interaction"
# the word 'interaction' does not appear in the dictionary and is ignored
new_vec = dictionary.doc2bow(new_doc.lower().split())
print(new_vec)
corpus = [dictionary.doc2bow(text) for text in texts]
corpora.MmCorpus.serialize('tmp/deerwester.mm', corpus) # store to dist,for later use
pprint(corpus)
# set tfidf model
tfidf = models.TfidfModel(corpus)
featureNum = len(dictionary.token2id.keys())
index = similarities.SparseMatrixSimilarity(tfidf[corpus], num_features=featureNum)
sims = index[tfidf[new_vec]]
print "==================="
print(sims)
说明:
* 其中基准数据,可以来自外部,处理过程为:
- 处理为词袋
- 经过数据集的tfidf结果
* 无法处理中文
- 分词器不支持
* 未另外加载语料库
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding=utf-8-*-
"""原始数据"""
#缩水版的courses,实际数据的格式应该为 课程名\t课程简介\t课程详情,并已去除html等干扰因素
courses = ['Writing II: Rhetorical Composing', 'Genetics and Society: A Course for Educators', 'General Game Playing', 'Genes and the Human Condition (From Behavior to Biotechnology)', 'A Brief History of Humankind', 'New Models of Business in Society', 'Analyse Numrique pour Ingnieurs', 'Evolution: A Course for Educators', 'Coding the Matrix: Linear Algebra through Computer Science Applications', 'The Dynamic Earth: A Course for Educators']
#实际的 courses_name = [course.split('\t')[0] for course in courses]
courses_name = ['Writing II: Rhetorical Composing', 'Genetics and Society: A Course for Educators', 'General Game Playing', 'Genes and the Human Condition (From Behavior to Biotechnology)', 'A Brief History of Humankind', 'New Models of Business in Society', 'Analyse Numrique pour Ingnieurs', 'Evolution: A Course for Educators', 'Coding the Matrix: Linear Algebra through Computer Science Applications', 'The Dynamic Earth: A Course for Educators']
"""预处理(easy_install nltk)"""
#引入nltk
import nltk
#nltk.download() #下载要用的语料库等,时间比较长,最好提前准备好
#分词
from nltk.corpus import brown
texts_lower = [[word for word in document.lower().split()] for document in courses]
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
texts_tokenized = [[word.lower() for word in word_tokenize(document)] for document in courses]
#去除停用词
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
english_stopwords = stopwords.words('english')
texts_filtered_stopwords = [[word for word in document if not word in english_stopwords] for document in texts_tokenized]
#去除标点符号
english_punctuations = [',', '.', ':', ';', '?', '(', ')', '[', ']', '&', '!', '*', '@', '#', '$', '%']
texts_filtered = [[word for word in document if not word in english_punctuations] for document in texts_filtered_stopwords]
#词干化
from nltk.stem.lancaster import LancasterStemmer
st = LancasterStemmer()
texts_stemmed = [[st.stem(word) for word in docment] for docment in texts_filtered]
#去除过低频词
all_stems = sum(texts_stemmed, [])
stems_once = set(stem for stem in set(all_stems) if all_stems.count(stem) == 1)
texts = [[stem for stem in text if stem not in stems_once] for text in texts_stemmed]
"""
注意:本例子中只用了course_name字段,大多数word频率过低,造成去除低频词后,有些document可能为空
因此后面的处理结果只做示范
"""
"""
引入gensim,正式开始处理(easy_install gensim)
输入:
1.去掉了停用词
2.去掉了标点符号
3.处理为词干
4.去掉了低频词
"""
from gensim import corpora, models, similarities
#为了能看到过程日志
import logging
logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s : %(levelname)s : %(message)s', level=logging.INFO)
dictionary = corpora.Dictionary(texts)
corpus = [dictionary.doc2bow(text) for text in texts] #doc2bow(): 将collection words 转为词袋,用两元组(word_id, word_frequency)表示
tfidf = models.TfidfModel(corpus)
corpus_tfidf = tfidf[corpus]
#拍脑袋的:训练topic数量为10的LSI模型
lsi = models.LsiModel(corpus_tfidf, id2word=dictionary, num_topics=10)
index = similarities.MatrixSimilarity(lsi[corpus]) # index 是 gensim.similarities.docsim.MatrixSimilarity 实例
"""
对具体对象相似度匹配
"""
#选择一个基准数据
ml_course = texts[2]
ml_bow = dictionary.doc2bow(ml_course)
#在上面选择的模型数据 lsi 中,计算其他数据与其的相似度
ml_lsi = lsi[ml_bow] #ml_lsi 形式如 (topic_id, topic_value)
sims = index[ml_lsi] #sims 是最终结果了, index[xxx] 调用内置方法 __getitem__() 来计算ml_lsi
#排序,为输出方便
sort_sims = sorted(enumerate(sims), key=lambda item: -item[1])
#查看结果
print sort_sims[0:10] #看下前10个最相似的,第一个是基准数据自身
print courses_name[2] #看下实际最相似的数据叫什么