java移除序列化_Java中的序列化、反序列化-serializable和serialversionUID

在Java项目中，我们经常对实体类进行implement serializable，在实体类中又加上一句

private static final long serialVersionUID = 5177165015785112433L;

最开始只知道是跟实体类的序列化有关，但是没有深究，昨天突然想起来了，于是想知道到底是什么东西，在这里小手一抖，记录一下......

这里补充一下小知识：

1、序列化、反序列化：

序列化：将对象转化为字节序列的过程；

反序列化：将字节序列反转成对象的过程。  具体看到下面的例子就明白了

2、在io流中，有ObjectInputStream、ObjectoutputStream，这俩个在用在实体对象时，要求对象必须实现serializable，表示该对象可被序列化。

一、首先我们尝试一下，实体类不进行implement Serializable，分别对实体类进行序列化和反序列化

咱的实体类：

1 packagecom.example.io.serializable;2

3 importlombok.Data;4

5 importjava.io.Serializable;6

7 /**

8 * @program: io9 * @description:10 *@author: liuqj11 * @create: 2020-06-17 09:4112 **/

13 @Data14 public classBook {15

16 private intid;17 privateString name;18 privateDouble price;19 }

测试：

1 packagecom.example.io.serializable;2

3 import java.io.*;4

5 /**

6 * @program: io7 * @description:8 *@author: liuqj9 * @create: 2020-06-17 09:4310 **/

11 public classTestSerializable {12 public static void main(String[] args) throwsIOException, ClassNotFoundException {13 serializable();14 deserializable();15 }16 static void serializable () throwsIOException {17 Book book = newBook();18 book.setId(1);19 book.setName("从大爆炸到黑洞");20 book.setPrice(100.00);21 ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\Personal\\JavaProject\\io\\serializable.txt")));22 outputStream.writeObject(book);

outputStream.clouse();23 System.out.println("序列化成功");24 }25 static void deserializable() throwsIOException, ClassNotFoundException {26 ObjectInputStream inputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\Personal\\JavaProject\\io\\serializable.txt")));27 Book book =(Book) inputStream.readObject();

inputStream.clouse();28 System.out.println(book);29 }

运行结果：

可以看到如果不对实体类进行implement Serializable，那么进行序列化的时候就会报错。

二、对实体进行implement Serializable，但不加serialversionUID。

1 @Data2 public class Book implementsSerializable{3

4 private intid;5 privateString name;6 privateDouble price;7 }

1、直接进行序列化、反序列化

运行结果：

1 序列化成功2 Book(id=1, name=从大爆炸到黑洞, price=100.0)3 4 Process finished with exit code 0

2、先进行序列化，然后修改(删除)对象中的属性，再进行反序列化

1 D:\Work\Jdk\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:D:\Work\Idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=54850:D:\Work\Idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\Personal\JavaProject\io\target\classes;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-jdbc\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-jdbc-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\com\zaxxer\HikariCP\3.4.5\HikariCP-3.4.5.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-jdbc\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-jdbc-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\data\spring-data-jdbc\2.0.1.RELEASE\spring-data-jdbc-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\data\spring-data-relational\2.0.1.RELEASE\spring-data-relational-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\data\spring-data-commons\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-data-commons-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-tx\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-tx-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-context-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.30\slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.13.3\log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.13.3\log4j-api-2.13.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.30\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.26\snakeyaml-1.26.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-core-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar com.example.io.serializable.TestSerializable2 Exception in thread "main" java.io.InvalidClassException: com.example.io.serializable.Book;

local class incompatible: stream classdesc serialVersionUID = -1858406188231479520, local class serialVersionUID = 4049423394988101590

3 at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.initNonProxy(ObjectStreamClass.java:616)4 at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readNonProxyDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1843)5 at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1713)6 at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2000)7 at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1535)8 at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:422)9 at com.example.io.serializable.TestSerializable.deserializable(TestSerializable.java:27)10 at com.example.io.serializable.TestSerializable.main(TestSerializable.java:14)11

12 Process finished with exit code 1

可以看到反序列化失败，报错中显示，流中的UID和本地的UID不一致导致的反序列化失败，但我们本地并没有加serialversionUID啊？

是酱紫滴，虽然我们没加，但是实现了implement Serializable，该接口会帮我们在本地生成一个UID，但这种默认生成的方式，在进行反序列化时不顶用了，

会出现InvalidClassException异常，原因我也木知。(猜测大概是：序列化时(本地->流)，会生成一次UID给到序列化后的内容中，反序列化时(流->本地)又再次生成了一次UID给本地，

此时，流中的UID和新生成的本地UID不同，所以导致无法反序列化)

三、实体类implement Serializable 且加上serialversionUID

1 public class Book implementsSerializable{2

3 private static final Long serialVersionUID = -1858406188231479520L; //注意final不能少，不然本地的UID在反序列化的过程中会被更改，这句代码就相当于没加4 private intid;5 privateString name;6 privateDouble price;7 }

1、先直接进行序列化、反序列化

结果显示：nice

1 D:\Work\Jdk\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:D:\Work\Idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=55570:D:\Work\Idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\Personal\JavaProject\io\target\classes;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-jdbc\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-jdbc-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\com\zaxxer\HikariCP\3.4.5\HikariCP-3.4.5.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-jdbc\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-jdbc-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\data\spring-data-jdbc\2.0.1.RELEASE\spring-data-jdbc-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\data\spring-data-relational\2.0.1.RELEASE\spring-data-relational-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\data\spring-data-commons\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-data-commons-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-tx\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-tx-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-context-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.30\slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.13.3\log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.13.3\log4j-api-2.13.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.30\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.26\snakeyaml-1.26.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-core-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar com.example.io.serializable.TestSerializable2 序列化成功3 Book(id=1, name=从大爆炸到黑洞, price=100.0)4

5 Process finished with exit code 0

2、先序列化，然后删除(修改)对象中某一个属性，再进行反序列化

删除一个属性后的实体类

1 @Data2 public class Book implementsSerializable{3

4 private static final long serialVersionUID = -1858406188231479520L;5

6 private intid;7 privateString name;8 //private Double price;

9 }

反序列化

1 D:\Work\Jdk\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:D:\Work\Idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=56290:D:\Work\Idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\Work\Jdk\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\Personal\JavaProject\io\target\classes;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-jdbc\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-jdbc-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\com\zaxxer\HikariCP\3.4.5\HikariCP-3.4.5.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-jdbc\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-jdbc-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\data\spring-data-jdbc\2.0.1.RELEASE\spring-data-jdbc-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\data\spring-data-relational\2.0.1.RELEASE\spring-data-relational-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\data\spring-data-commons\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-data-commons-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-tx\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-tx-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-context-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.30\slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.3.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.13.3\log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.13.3\log4j-api-2.13.3.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.30\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.26\snakeyaml-1.26.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-core-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar;D:\Work\Maven\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.2.7.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar com.example.io.serializable.TestSerializable2 Book(id=1, name=从大爆炸到黑洞)3

4 Process finished with exit code 0

总结：

(1)对实体进行implement Serializable，表示该对象可以进行序列化；

(2)只进行implement Serializable，每次进行序列化时会自动生成一个serialVersionUID保证序列化的进行，

在实体对象没有改变过的前提下，可以进行反序列化，如果对象属性改变过，反序列化时再次生成的UID和序列化时生成的UID不同无法进行反序列化；

(3)在进行implement Serializable后，加上private static final long serialVersionUID = xxxL; 可保证序列化之后，即使对实体对象做出了改变仍可以进行反序列化。