linux 脚本 分页,13 分页和shell命令行模式

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本教程来源于B站杨仕航Django2.0开发视频教程，如需转载，必须注明来源！

1.为什么先讲分页功能

先讲分页功能，新增或编辑博客内容在admin后台操作.png

2.快速添加新的博客

shell命令行模式下添加新博客：

python manage.py shell，如下图所示：

进入shell命令行模式.png

for循环执行新增博客代码

添加一篇新的博客，涉及到Blog这个模型。因此在shell命令行模式下导入Blog这个模型。再用dir()方法来查看模型是否成功导入。如下图所示：

导入Blog博客模型.png

查询现有博客情况，如下图中的方法：

查询现有博客信息.png

3.模型新增对象

新增博客后的网页.png

>>> from blog.models import Blog

>>>

>>>

>>>

>>> Blog.objects.all()

>, >,

介>>]

>>> Blog.objects.all().count()

3

>>> blog = Blog()

>>> Blog.objects.all()

>, >,

介>>]>

>>> blog.title = "shell模式下的第一篇博客"

>>> blog.content = "这是一篇测试博客，233333333333333333333333333333333"

>>> from blog.models import BlogType

>>> dir()

['Blog', 'BlogType', '__builtins__', 'blog']

>>> BlogType.objects.all()

, , ]>

>>> blog_type = BlogType.objects.all()[1]

>>> blog.blog_type = blog_type

>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User

>>> User.objects.all()

]>

>>> User.objects.all()

]>

>>> user = User.objects.all()[0]

>>> blog.author = user

>>> blog.save()

>>> Blog.objects.all()

>, >,

介>>, >]>

>>> Blog.objects.all().count()

4

>>> dir(blog)

['DoesNotExist', 'MultipleObjectsReturned', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getstate__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setstate__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_check_column_name_clashes', '_check_field_name_clashes', '_check_fields', '_check_id_field', '_check_index_together', '_check_local_fields', '_check_long_column_names', '_check_m2m_through_same_relationship', '_check_managers', '_check_model', '_check_model_name_db_lookup_clashes', '_check_ordering', '_check_swappable', '_check_unique_together', '_do_insert', '_do_update', '_get_FIELD_display', '_get_next_or_previous_by_FIELD', '_get_next_or_previous_in_order', '_get_pk_val', '_get_unique_checks', '_meta', '_perform_date_checks', '_perform_unique_checks', '_save_parents', '_save_table', '_set_pk_val', '_state', 'author', 'author_id', 'blog_type', 'blog_type_id', 'check', 'clean', 'clean_fields', 'content', 'created_time', 'date_error_message', 'delete', 'from_db', 'full_clean', 'get_deferred_fields', 'get_next_by_created_time', 'get_next_by_last_updated_time', 'get_previous_by_created_time', 'get_previous_by_last_updated_time', 'id', 'last_updated_time', 'objects', 'pk', 'prepare_database_save', 'refresh_from_db', 'save', 'save_base', 'serializable_value', 'title', 'unique_error_message', 'validate_unique']

>>> blog.last_updated_time

datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 13, 13, 44, 45, 113603, tzinfo=)

shell命令行模式下，快速添加大批量博客。具体效果如下如所示：

>>> for i in range(1,31):

... blog = Blog()

... blog.title = "for %s" % i

... blog.content = "这是for循环生成的第%s篇博客" % i

... blog.blog_type = blog_type

... blog.author = user

... blog.save()

...

...

>>> Blog.objects.all().count()

34

shell命令行模式下，快速添加大批量博客.png

4.分页器实现分页

通过上图我们可以看出，当一下显示所有的博客时。因此实现分页功能，更便于我们查看想要浏览的博客。

>>> del Blog # 删除某个模型

>>> Blog

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

NameError: name 'Blog' is not defined

>>> exit()

>>> python manage.py shell

>>> dir()

['__builtins__']

>>> from django.core.paginator import Paginator

>>> from blog.models import Blog

>>> Blog.objects.all()

>, >,

介>>, >, >,

>, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, '...(remaining elements truncated)...']>

>>> blogs = Blog.objects.all()

>>> blogs.count()

34

>>> paginator = Paginator(blogs, 10)

:1: UnorderedObjectListWarning: Pagination may yield inconsistent results with an unordered object_list: QuerySet.

出现上面的UnorderedObjectListWarning错误，这是由于没有设置分页后每一页按照什么顺序排序。因此打开blog目录下的models.py文件，在Blog类下添加Meta类如下所示：

from django.db import models

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

# Create your models here.

# 创建博文类型模型

class BlogType(models.Model):

type_name = models.CharField(max_length=15)

def __str__(self):

return self.type_name

# 创建博文模型

class Blog(models.Model):

title = models.CharField(max_length=50)

# 一篇博文属于一种类型,因此博客通过外键关联到博文类型

blog_type = models.ForeignKey(BlogType, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)

content = models.TextField()

author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)

created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

last_updated_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

def __str__(self):

return "" % self.title

class Meta:

ordering = ['-created_time']

由于已经修改了Blog模型，所以要进行同步数据库。输入如下命令，如下图所示：

E:\Django\mysite_env\Scripts\mysite

$ python manage.py makemigrations

Migrations for 'blog':

blog\migrations\0003_auto_20200513_2224.py

- Change Meta options on blog

E:\Django\mysite_env\Scripts\mysite

$ python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:

Apply all migrations: admin, auth, blog, contenttypes, sessions

Running migrations:

Applying blog.0003_auto_20200513_2224... OK

E:\Django\mysite_env\Scripts\mysite

$ python manage.py runserver

Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

May 13, 2020 - 22:24:47

Django version 2.0, using settings 'mysite.settings'

Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/

Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

退出之前的shell命令行模型，重新进入shell命令行模式下，输入如下代码：

>>> from django.core.paginator import Paginator

>>> from blog.models import Blog

>>> blogs = Blog.objects.all()

>>> paginator = Paginator(blogs, 10)

>>> paginator

>>> dir(paginator)

['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_check_object_list_is_ordered', '_get_page', 'allow_empty_first_page', 'count', 'get_page', 'num_pages', 'object_list', 'orphans', 'page', 'page_range', 'per_page', 'validate_number']

>>> paginator.__doc__

>>> paginator.count

34

>>> paginator.num_pages

4

>>> paginator.page_range

range(1, 5)

>>>

>>> page1 = paginator.page(1)

>>> page1

>>> dir(page1)

['__abstractmethods__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__slots__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_abc_cache', '_abc_negative_cache', '_abc_negative_cache_version', '_abc_registry', 'count', 'end_index', 'has_next', 'has_other_pages', 'has_previous', 'index', 'next_page_number', 'number', 'object_list', 'paginator', 'previous_page_number', 'start_index']

>>> page1.count

>

>>> help(page1.count)

Help on method count in module collections.abc:

count(value) method of django.core.paginator.Page instance

S.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value

>>>

>>> page1.object_list

[>, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >, >]

>>> page1.object_list.count

分页器实现分页.png

5.分页的使用

前端页面：向后端服务器发送请求，请求打开具体的分页内容；

后端服务器：处理请求，返回具体分页内容响应请求；

例如，可以通过在浏览器中输入localhost:8000/blog/?page=1来访问第一页中的所有方法。因为前端通过url向服务器发送了GET请求，所以打开blog文件目录下的views.py文件，在blog_list()和blogs_with_type()函数中增加该请求对应的方法。views.py文件的内容如下：

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response, get_object_or_404

from django.core.paginator import Paginator

from .models import Blog, BlogType

# Create your views here.

def blog_list(request):

blogs_all_list = Blog.objects.all()

paginator = Paginator(blogs_all_list, 10) # 每10篇进行一次分页

page_num = request.GET.get('page', 1) # 获取url的页码参数(GET请求)

page_of_blogs = paginator.get_page(page_num)

context = {}

context['blogs'] = page_of_blogs.object_list

context['page_of_blogs'] = page_of_blogs

context['blog_types'] = BlogType.objects.all()

return render_to_response('blog/blog_list.html', context)

def blog_detail(request, blog_pk):

context = {}

context['blog'] = get_object_or_404(Blog, pk=blog_pk)

return render_to_response('blog/blog_detail.html', context)

def blogs_with_type(request, blog_type_pk):

blogs_all_list = Blog.objects.all()

paginator = Paginator(blogs_all_list, 2) # 每2篇进行一次分页

page_num = request.GET.get('page', 1) # 获取url的页码参数(GET请求)

page_of_blogs = paginator.get_page(page_num)

context = {}

blog_type = get_object_or_404(BlogType, pk=blog_type_pk)

context['blog_type'] = blog_type

context['blogs'] = Blog.objects.filter(blog_type=blog_type)

context['blog_types'] = BlogType.objects.all()

context['page_of_blogs'] = page_of_blogs

return render_to_response('blog/blogs_with_type.html', context)

接着，修改blog文件目录下的templates文件夹下的blog_list.html模板文件，经过views.py处理请求后，返回新的结果给前端页面。blog_list.html修改后的结果如下所示：

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{# blog_list.html文件内容 #}

{# 页面标题 #}

{% block title %}我的网站{% endblock %}

{% block nav_blog_active %}active{% endblock %}

{% load staticfiles %}

{% block header_extends %}

{% endblock %}

{# 页面内容 #}

{% block content %}

{% block blog_list_title %}博客列表(一共有{{ page_of_blogs.paginator.count }}篇博客){% endblock %}

{% for blog in blogs %}

{{ blog.title }}

{{ blog.blog_type }} &nbsp&nbsp&nbsp

{{ blog.created_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}

{{ blog.content|truncatechars:120 }}

{% empty %}

暂无博客，敬请期待

{% endfor %}

{# 上一页 #}

{% if page_of_blogs.has_previous %}

«

{% else %}

«

{% endif %}

{# 全部页码 #}

{% for page_num in page_of_blogs.paginator.page_range %}

{{ page_num }}

{% endfor %}

{# 下一页 #}

{% if page_of_blogs.has_next %}

»

{% else %}

»

{% endif %}

博客分类

{% for blog_type in blog_types %}

{{ blog_type.type_name }}

{% empty %}

暂无分类

{% endfor %}

{% endblock %}

添加分页按钮后的前端页面.png