pythonrq模块_Python之网络编程（requests模块）

一、requests模块的基本方法

import requests

1.res = requests.get(url,params={'stu_name':'小黑'})   #发送get请求,传参k-v形式

2.data={'user':'useraccount','pwf':'password'}

res = requests.post(url,data=data)      #发送post请求，传参k-v形式

3.data={"name":"requests_name","grade":"天蝎座"}

res = requests.post(url,json=data)     #发送post请求，入参是json类型的

4.cookie = {'zhangsan':'abd9a0995f4696e1a60133220b32037a'}

res = requests.post(url,data=data,cookies=cookie)  #发送post请求，带cookie的

5.header = {'Referer':'http://api.nnzhp.cn/'}

res=requests.get(url,headers=header)  #发送get请求，带header的

6.res = requests.get(url,verify=False)   #发送https请求，需加上verify=False

7.res.json()     #把返回的结果转成字典，必须返回是json

8.res.text       #返回成字符串

9.res.content  #用来下载文件用的，返回的是二进制

10.res.headers  #获取到返回的所有header

11.res.cookies   #获取到返回的所有cookie

12.res.status_code   #获取到请求响应的状态码

二、例子

例子一(下载图片)：

url6='https://aliimg.changba.com/cache/photo/855e5493-f018-44db-8892-c8660649327b_640_640.jpg'

res = requests.get(url6,verify=False) #verify=False如果是https的话加上这个

with open('tu.jpg','wb') as fw: #打开一个文件

fw.write(res.content) #将请求获取到的结果写入到文件里去，是文件，所以是res.content二进制

例子二(获取qq群的成员信息存入到mongodb里以及下载成员的头像保存到本地)：

import pymongo,os

client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='x.x.x.x',port=xxxx)

db=client['qq_group']

table = db['xxx']

url = "https://qun.qq.com/cgi-bin/qun_mgr/search_group_members"

data = {"gc":xxxxx,"st":0,"end":200,"sort":0,"bkn":xxxxxxx}

header = {"Cookie":"pgv_pvi=1977809920; tvfe_boss_uuid=d8ce464d0b7bd6f6; RK=6RFHD8oPOz; ptcz=11c139fb4d425800954a94bcb78d8b04222ef05985e6b9ac493a28744decc178; pgv_pvid=744932512; ptui_loginuin=2851662269; o_cookie=2851662269; pt2gguin=o0469873580; uin=o0469873580; ptisp=ctc; pgv_si=s8086261760; skey=@LfPHQ7sb0; p_uin=o0469873580; pt4_token=sf7OadX0vT5Mv4PiIQ3xkHbiI9quA5GB75z8lMcLgag_; p_skey=PcX00u1AVFRWKu6N1S62ooT13P*JDcCOhq64nknIlGQ_"}

res = requests.post(url=url,data=data,headers=header)

mems = res.json().get("mems")#获取到该群的所有成员的信息

for i in mems:

mem = {

"qq":i.get("uin"),

"gender":i.get("g"),

"nick":i.get("nick"),

"card":i.get("card"),

"qage":i.get("qage")

}

if mem.get("gender") == 0:

mem['gender'] = "男"

elif mem.get("gender") == 1:

mem['gender'] = "女"

else:

mem['gender'] = "未知"

if mem.get("card") == "":

mem['card'] = "没有群名片"

table.insert_one(mem)

qq = mem.get("qq")

url= "http://q4.qlogo.cn/g?b=qq&nk={}&s=140".format(qq)

pics = requests.get(url)

abs_path=os.path.join('pics',str(qq)+'.jpg') #拼接路径，都把图片保存到一个文件夹下面

with open(abs_path,"wb") as f:

f.write(pics.content)

print('%s的头像已经下载完成.'%mem.get("nick"))