基于
the last approach on this page,您可以简单地生成由三个标准正态分布的独立样本组成的向量,然后对向量进行归一化,使其大小为1:
import numpy as np
def sample_spherical(npoints, ndim=3):
vec = np.random.randn(ndim, npoints)
vec /= np.linalg.norm(vec, axis=0)
return vec
例如:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
phi = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 20)
theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 40)
x = np.outer(np.sin(theta), np.cos(phi))
y = np.outer(np.sin(theta), np.sin(phi))
z = np.outer(np.cos(theta), np.ones_like(phi))
xi, yi, zi = sample_spherical(100)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, subplot_kw={'projection':'3d', 'aspect':'equal'})
ax.plot_wireframe(x, y, z, color='k', rstride=1, cstride=1)
ax.scatter(xi, yi, zi, s=100, c='r', zorder=10)
同样的方法也推广到在单位圆(ndim = 2)上或在高维单位超球面上拾取均匀分布的点.