python 事件处理_18.8. signal — 设置异步事件处理程序 — Python 3.6.12 說明文件

18.8.2.模块内容¶

在 signal 模块中定义的变量是：

signal.SIG_DFL¶

这是两种标准信号处理选项之一；它只会执行信号的默认函数。 例如，在大多数系统上，对于 SIGQUIT 的默认操作是转储核心并退出，而对于 SIGCHLD 的默认操作是简单地忽略它。

signal.SIG_IGN¶

这是另一个标准信号处理程序，它将简单地忽略给定的信号。

SIG*

All the signal numbers are defined symbolically. For example, the hangup signal

is defined as signal.SIGHUP; the variable names are identical to the

names used in C programs, as found in . The Unix man page for

『signal()』 lists the existing signals (on some systems this is

signal(2), on others the list is in signal(7)). Note that

not all systems define the same set of signal names; only those names defined by

the system are defined by this module.

signal.CTRL_C_EVENT¶

对应于 Ctrl+C 击键事件的信号。此信号只能用于 os.kill() 。

Availability: Windows.

3.2 版新加入.

signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT¶

对应于 Ctrl+Break 击键事件的信号。此信号只能用于 os.kill() 。

Availability: Windows.

3.2 版新加入.

signal.NSIG¶

比最高信号数多一。

signal.ITIMER_REAL¶

实时递减间隔计时器，并在到期时发送 SIGALRM 。

signal.ITIMER_VIRTUAL¶

仅在进程执行时递减间隔计时器，并在到期时发送 SIGVTALRM 。

signal.ITIMER_PROF¶

Decrements interval timer both when the process executes and when the

system is executing on behalf of the process. Coupled with ITIMER_VIRTUAL,

this timer is usually used to profile the time spent by the application

in user and kernel space. SIGPROF is delivered upon expiration.

signal.SIG_BLOCK¶

A possible value for the how parameter to pthread_sigmask()

indicating that signals are to be blocked.

3.3 版新加入.

signal.SIG_UNBLOCK¶

A possible value for the how parameter to pthread_sigmask()

indicating that signals are to be unblocked.

3.3 版新加入.

signal.SIG_SETMASK¶

A possible value for the how parameter to pthread_sigmask()

indicating that the signal mask is to be replaced.

3.3 版新加入.

The signal module defines one exception:

exceptionsignal.ItimerError¶

Raised to signal an error from the underlying setitimer() or

getitimer() implementation. Expect this error if an invalid

interval timer or a negative time is passed to setitimer().

This error is a subtype of OSError.

3.3 版新加入:This error used to be a subtype of IOError, which is now an

alias of OSError.

The signal module defines the following functions:

signal.alarm(time)¶

If time is non-zero, this function requests that a SIGALRM signal be

sent to the process in time seconds. Any previously scheduled alarm is

canceled (only one alarm can be scheduled at any time). The returned value is

then the number of seconds before any previously set alarm was to have been

delivered. If time is zero, no alarm is scheduled, and any scheduled alarm is

canceled. If the return value is zero, no alarm is currently scheduled. (See

the Unix man page alarm(2).) Availability: Unix.

signal.getsignal(signalnum)¶

Return the current signal handler for the signal signalnum. The returned value

may be a callable Python object, or one of the special values

signal.SIG_IGN, signal.SIG_DFL or None. Here,

signal.SIG_IGN means that the signal was previously ignored,

signal.SIG_DFL means that the default way of handling the signal was

previously in use, and None means that the previous signal handler was not

installed from Python.

signal.pause()¶

Cause the process to sleep until a signal is received; the appropriate handler

will then be called. Returns nothing. Not on Windows. (See the Unix man page

signal(2).)

signal.pthread_kill(thread_id, signalnum)¶

Send the signal signalnum to the thread thread_id, another thread in the

same process as the caller. The target thread can be executing any code

(Python or not). However, if the target thread is executing the Python

interpreter, the Python signal handlers will be executed by the main

thread. Therefore, the only point of sending a

signal to a particular Python thread would be to force a running system call

to fail with InterruptedError.

Use threading.get_ident() or the ident

attribute of threading.Thread objects to get a suitable value

for thread_id.

If signalnum is 0, then no signal is sent, but error checking is still

performed; this can be used to check if the target thread is still running.

Availability: Unix (see the man page pthread_kill(3) for further

information).

See also os.kill().

3.3 版新加入.

signal.pthread_sigmask(how, mask)¶

Fetch and/or change the signal mask of the calling thread. The signal mask

is the set of signals whose delivery is currently blocked for the caller.

Return the old signal mask as a set of signals.

The behavior of the call is dependent on the value of how, as follows.

SIG_BLOCK: The set of blocked signals is the union of the current

set and the mask argument.

SIG_UNBLOCK: The signals in mask are removed from the current

set of blocked signals. It is permissible to attempt to unblock a

signal which is not blocked.

SIG_SETMASK: The set of blocked signals is set to the mask

argument.

mask is a set of signal numbers (e.g. {signal.SIGINT,

signal.SIGTERM}). Use range(1, signal.NSIG) for a full mask

including all signals.

For example, signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_BLOCK, []) reads the

signal mask of the calling thread.

Availability: Unix. See the man page sigprocmask(3) and

pthread_sigmask(3) for further information.

3.3 版新加入.

signal.setitimer(which, seconds[, interval])¶

Sets given interval timer (one of signal.ITIMER_REAL,

signal.ITIMER_VIRTUAL or signal.ITIMER_PROF) specified

by which to fire after seconds (float is accepted, different from

alarm()) and after that every interval seconds. The interval

timer specified by which can be cleared by setting seconds to zero.

When an interval timer fires, a signal is sent to the process.

The signal sent is dependent on the timer being used;

signal.ITIMER_REAL will deliver SIGALRM,

signal.ITIMER_VIRTUAL sends SIGVTALRM,

and signal.ITIMER_PROF will deliver SIGPROF.

The old values are returned as a tuple: (delay, interval).

Attempting to pass an invalid interval timer will cause an

ItimerError. Availability: Unix.

signal.getitimer(which)¶

Returns current value of a given interval timer specified by which.

Availability: Unix.

signal.set_wakeup_fd(fd)¶

Set the wakeup file descriptor to fd. When a signal is received, the

signal number is written as a single byte into the fd. This can be used by

a library to wakeup a poll or select call, allowing the signal to be fully

processed.

The old wakeup fd is returned (or -1 if file descriptor wakeup was not

enabled). If fd is -1, file descriptor wakeup is disabled.

If not -1, fd must be non-blocking. It is up to the library to remove

any bytes from fd before calling poll or select again.

Use for example struct.unpack('%uB' % len(data), data) to decode the

signal numbers list.

When threads are enabled, this function can only be called from the main thread;

attempting to call it from other threads will cause a ValueError

exception to be raised.

3.5 版更變:On Windows, the function now also supports socket handles.

signal.siginterrupt(signalnum, flag)¶

Change system call restart behaviour: if flag is False, system

calls will be restarted when interrupted by signal signalnum, otherwise

system calls will be interrupted. Returns nothing. Availability: Unix (see

the man page siginterrupt(3) for further information).

Note that installing a signal handler with signal() will reset the

restart behaviour to interruptible by implicitly calling

siginterrupt() with a true flag value for the given signal.

signal.signal(signalnum, handler)¶

Set the handler for signal signalnum to the function handler. handler can

be a callable Python object taking two arguments (see below), or one of the

special values signal.SIG_IGN or signal.SIG_DFL. The previous

signal handler will be returned (see the description of getsignal()

above). (See the Unix man page signal(2).)

When threads are enabled, this function can only be called from the main thread;

attempting to call it from other threads will cause a ValueError

exception to be raised.

The handler is called with two arguments: the signal number and the current

stack frame (None or a frame object; for a description of frame objects,

see the description in the type hierarchy or see the

attribute descriptions in the inspect module).

On Windows, signal() can only be called with SIGABRT,

SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGINT, SIGSEGV,

SIGTERM, or SIGBREAK.

A ValueError will be raised in any other case.

Note that not all systems define the same set of signal names; an

AttributeError will be raised if a signal name is not defined as

SIG* module level constant.

signal.sigpending()¶

Examine the set of signals that are pending for delivery to the calling

thread (i.e., the signals which have been raised while blocked). Return the

set of the pending signals.

Availability: Unix (see the man page sigpending(2) for further

information).

3.3 版新加入.

signal.sigwait(sigset)¶

Suspend execution of the calling thread until the delivery of one of the

signals specified in the signal set sigset. The function accepts the signal

(removes it from the pending list of signals), and returns the signal number.

Availability: Unix (see the man page sigwait(3) for further

information).

3.3 版新加入.

signal.sigwaitinfo(sigset)¶

Suspend execution of the calling thread until the delivery of one of the

signals specified in the signal set sigset. The function accepts the

signal and removes it from the pending list of signals. If one of the

signals in sigset is already pending for the calling thread, the function

will return immediately with information about that signal. The signal

handler is not called for the delivered signal. The function raises an

InterruptedError if it is interrupted by a signal that is not in

sigset.

The return value is an object representing the data contained in the

siginfo_t structure, namely: si_signo, si_code,

si_errno, si_pid, si_uid, si_status,

si_band.

Availability: Unix (see the man page sigwaitinfo(2) for further

information).

3.3 版新加入.

3.5 版更變:The function is now retried if interrupted by a signal not in sigset

and the signal handler does not raise an exception (see PEP 475 for

the rationale).

signal.sigtimedwait(sigset, timeout)¶

Like sigwaitinfo(), but takes an additional timeout argument

specifying a timeout. If timeout is specified as 0, a poll is

performed. Returns None if a timeout occurs.

Availability: Unix (see the man page sigtimedwait(2) for further

information).

3.3 版新加入.

3.5 版更變:The function is now retried with the recomputed timeout if interrupted

by a signal not in sigset and the signal handler does not raise an

exception (see PEP 475 for the rationale).