huffman编码python的实现_Huffman Encode 哈弗曼编码（python实现）

# coding: utf-8

#Tree-Node Type

class Node:

def __init__(self,freq):

self.left = None

self.right = None

self.father = None

self.freq = freq

def __repr__(self): #change the string representation of instances,see cookbook 8.1

return 'Node({0.freq!r})'.format(self)

def isLeft(self):

return self.father.left == self

#create nodes 创建叶子节点

def createNodes(freqs):

return [Node(freq) for freq in freqs]

#create Huffman-Tree 创建Huffman树

def createHuffmanTree(nodes):

queue = nodes[:] #copy of the nodes

while len(queue) > 1:

queue.sort(key=lambda item:item.freq) #sort the objects by certain attribute

node_left = queue.pop(0)

node_right = queue.pop(0)

node_father = Node(node_left.freq + node_right.freq)

node_father.left = node_left

node_father.right = node_right

node_left.father = node_father

node_right.father = node_father

queue.append(node_father)

queue[0].father = None #self.father = None,可省去

return queue[0] #root node

#Huffman编码

def huffmanEncoding(nodes,root):

codes = [''] * len(nodes) #叶子节点数即为编码数

for i in range(len(nodes)):

node_tmp = nodes[i]

while node_tmp != root:

if node_tmp.isLeft():

codes[i] = '0' + codes[i]

else:

codes[i] = '1' + codes[i]

node_tmp = node_tmp.father

return codes

if __name__ == '__main__':

chars = ['A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N']

freqs = [10,4,2,5,3,4,2,6,4,4,3,7,9,6]

chars_freqs = zip(chars,freqs)

nodes = createNodes([item[1] for item in chars_freqs])

root = createHuffmanTree(nodes)

codes = huffmanEncoding(nodes,root)

chars_codes = zip(chars_freqs,codes)

chars_codes.sort(key=lambda item:item[0][1]) #sort the result by the freqs

for item in chars_codes:

print 'Character:%s freq:%-2d encoding: %s' % (item[0][0],item[0][1],item[1])

Character:C freq:2 encoding: 10100

Character:G freq:2 encoding: 10101

Character:E freq:3 encoding: 0000

Character:K freq:3 encoding: 0001

Character:B freq:4 encoding: 0100

Character:F freq:4 encoding: 0101

Character:I freq:4 encoding: 0110

Character:J freq:4 encoding: 0111

Character:D freq:5 encoding: 1011

Character:H freq:6 encoding: 1110

Character:N freq:6 encoding: 1111

Character:L freq:7 encoding: 001

Character:M freq:9 encoding: 100

Character:A freq:10 encoding: 110

注：

1)__repr__修改instance的string representation，方便调试，见python cookbook 8.1节

2)line22和line55 根据提供的key参数对列表进行排序

3)构建Node类，体会OO编程