看起来您还没有正确安装pythondev的头文件和静态库。使用您的包管理器在系统范围内安装它们。
为apt (乌本图Debian.。):sudo apt-get install python-dev # for python2.x installssudo apt-get install python3-dev # for python3.x installs
为yum (CentOS,RHEL.。):sudo yum install python-devel # for python2.x installssudo yum install python34-devel # for python3.4 installs
为dnf (软呢帽.。):sudo dnf install python2-devel # for python2.x installssudo dnf install python3-devel # for python3.x installs
为zypper (开诚布公.。):sudo zypper in python-devel # for python2.x installssudo zypper in python3-devel # for python3.x installs
为apk (阿尔卑斯山.。):# This is a departure from the normal Alpine naming# scheme, which uses py2- and py3- prefixessudo apk add python2-dev
# for python2.x installssudo apk add python3-dev # for python3.x installs
为apt-cyg (西格温.。):apt-cyg install python-devel # for python2.x installsapt-cyg install python3-devel # for python3.x installs