Linux下安装oracle 11g数据库(一)
1 内存的要求
最低配置: 1 GB of RAM
推荐配置: 2 GB of RAM or more
确定内存大小,输入下面的命令:grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
确定系统版本,输入下面的命令:uname –m
确定交换空间的大小,输入下面的命令:grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
确定可用的内存和交换空间,输入下面的命令:free
2 磁盘空间要求数据库软件数据库软件需要的大小
企业版4.7G
标准版4.6G
数据库文件数据库文件需要的大小
企业版1.7G
标准版1.5G
3 检查软件要求
3.1 Oracle Database 11gRelease 2 (11.2)所支持的系统:
■ Asianux Server 3 SP2
■ Asianux Server 4 SP3
■ Oracle Linux 4 Update 7
■ Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel)
■ Oracle Linux 5 Update 5
■ Oracle Linux 6
■ Oracle Linux 6 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel)
■ Oracle Linux 7
■ Oracle Linux 7 (with the Red Hat Compatible Kernel)
■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7
■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2
■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
3.2 内核的要求
■ On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
2.6.9 or later
■ On Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
2.6.18 or later
■ On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
2.6.18 or later
■ On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel
2.6.32-100.0.19 or later
■ On Oracle Linux 6
2.6.32-100.28.5.el6.x86_64 or later
■ On Oracle Linux 6 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
■ On Oracle Linux 7
3.8.13-33.el7uek.x86_64 or later
■ On Oracle Linux 7 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later
■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
2.6.18 or later
■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5
2.6.18 or later
■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later
■ On Asianux Server 3
2.6.18 or later
■ On Asianux Server 4
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10
2.6.16.21 or later
■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
2.6.27.19 or later
确定所需的内核安装,输入下面的命令:uname –r
3.3 64位操作系统对应的软件包要求
3.3.1 Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
binutils-2.15.92.0.2
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)
elfutils-libelf-0.97
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97
expat-1.95.7
gcc-3.4.6
gcc-c++-3.4.6
glibc-2.3.4-2.41
glibc-2.3.4-2.41 (32 bit)
glibc-common-2.3.4
glibc-devel-2.3.4
glibc-headers-2.3.4
libaio-0.3.105
libaio-0.3.105 (32 bit)
libaio-devel-0.3.105
libaio-devel-0.3.105 (32 bit)
libgcc-3.4.6
libgcc-3.4.6 (32-bit)
libstdc++-3.4.6
libstdc++-3.4.6 (32 bit)
libstdc++-devel 3.4.6
make-3.80
numactl-0.6.4.x86_64
pdksh-5.2.14
sysstat-5.0.5
3.3.2 Oracle Linux 5, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and Asianux Server 3
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)
coreutils-5.97-23.el5_4.1
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)
glibc-headers-2.5
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)
libgcc-4.1.2
libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit)
libstdc++-devel 4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2
3.3.3 Oracle Linux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, and Asianux Server 4
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
3.3.4 Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
3.3.5 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10
binutils-2.16.91.0.5
compat-libstdc++-5.0.7
gcc-4.1.0
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.4-31.63
glibc-devel-2.4-31.63
glibc-devel-32bit-2.4-31.63
ksh-93r-12.9
libaio-0.3.104
libaio-32bit-0.3.104
libaio-devel-0.3.104
libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104
libelf-0.8.5
libgcc-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.80
numactl-0.9.6.x86_64
sysstat-8.0.4
3.3.6 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
binutils-2.19
gcc-4.3
gcc-32bit-4.3
gcc-c++-4.3
glibc-2.9
glibc-32bit-2.9
glibc-devel-2.9
glibc-devel-32bit-2.9
ksh-93t
libaio-0.3.104
libaio-32bit-0.3.104
libaio-devel-0.3.104
libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104
libstdc++33-3.3.3
libstdc++33-32bit-3.3.3
libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022
libstdc++43-32bit-4.3.3_20081022
libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022
libstdc++43-devel-32bit-4.3.3_20081022
libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022
libstdc++-devel-4.3
make-3.81
sysstat-8.1.5
确定所需的安装包, 输入下面的命令: rpm -q package_name
4 创建所需的操作系统组和用户
4.1 创建Oracle Inventory组:/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
4.2 创建OSDBA组:/usr/sbin/groupadd dba
4.3 创建OSASM组: /usr/sbin/groupadd asmadmin
4.4 创建OSDBA组: /usr/sbin/groupadd asmdba
4.5 创建软件用户:/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba asmdba oracle
4.6 创建用户密码:passwd oracle
5 配置内核参数和资源限制
5.1 内核参数
Vim /etc/sysctl.conf //添加或者编辑
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.tcp_wmen = 262144 262144 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmen = 4194304 4194304 4194304
命令:/sbin/sysctl –p //参数生效
命令:/sbin/sysctl –a //检测参数。
5.2 限制参数
Vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
6 创建oracle base目录
6.1 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
6.2 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
6.3 chmod -R 775 /u01/app/
7 数据库文件目录
7.1 mkdir /mount_point/oradata
7.2 chown oracle:oinstall /mount_point/oradata
7.3 chmod 775 /mount_point/oradata
8 恢复文件目录
8.1 mkdir /mount_point/fast_recovery_area
8.2 chown oracle:oinstall /mount_point/fast_recovery_area
8.3 chmod 775 /mount_point/fast_recovery_area
9 编辑Oracle用户环境
9.1 su – oracle
9.2 vi .bash_profile
umask 022
export TMP=/mount_point/tmp
export TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/ product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/PATH