java中继承时执行顺序,Java构造函数 - 继承层次结构中的执行顺序

Consider the code below

class Meal {

Meal() { System.out.println("Meal()"); }

}

class Bread {

Bread() { System.out.println("Bread()"); }

}

class Cheese {

Cheese() { System.out.println("Cheese()"); }

}

class Lettuce {

Lettuce() { System.out.println("Lettuce()"); }

}

class Lunch extends Meal {

Lunch() { System.out.println("Lunch()"); }

}

class PortableLunch extends Lunch {

PortableLunch() { System.out.println("PortableLunch()");}

}

class Sandwich extends PortableLunch {

private Bread b = new Bread();

private Cheese c = new Cheese();

private Lettuce l = new Lettuce();

public Sandwich() {

System.out.println("Sandwich()");

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

new Sandwich();

}

}

Based on my understanding of class member initialization and order of constructor execution. I expected the output to be

Bread()

Cheese()

Lettuce()

Meal()

Lunch()

PortableLunch()

Sandwich()

as i believe the class members were initialized even before the main method was called. However I had the below output when i ran the program

Meal()

Lunch()

PortableLunch()

Bread()

Cheese()

Lettuce()

Sandwich()

my confusion is whey the Meal() Lunch() and PortableLunch() run before Bread() Cheese() and Lettuce() even though their constructors where called after.

解决方案

These are instance fields

private Bread b = new Bread();

private Cheese c = new Cheese();

private Lettuce l = new Lettuce();

They only exist (execute) if an instance is created.

The first thing that runs in your program is

public static void main(String[] args) {

new Sandwich();

}

Super constructors are called implicitly as the first thing in each constructor, ie. before System.out.println

class Meal {

Meal() { System.out.println("Meal()"); }

}

class Lunch extends Meal {

Lunch() { System.out.println("Lunch()"); }

}

class PortableLunch extends Lunch {

PortableLunch() { System.out.println("PortableLunch()");}

}

After the super() calls, instance fields are instantiated again before the constructor code.

The order, reversed

new Sandwich(); // prints last

// the instance fields

super(); // new PortableLunch() prints third

super(); // new Lunch() prints second

super(); // new Meal(); prints first