python重定向输出_我如何重定向python中的函数的打印输出

I have a function in python that prints something to the standard output

def foo():

print("some text")

I want to 'redirect' the text that is being printed in this function into a variable, i.e. 'wrap' this function or whatever so that the text is stored in a variable:

text = wrapper(foo)

Is there a robust way to temporarily change sys.stdout or to open a variable as a FileObject, or something else?

解决方案>>> import sys

>>> import StringIO

>>> stdout = sys.stdout # keep a handle on the real standard output

>>> sys.stdout = StringIO.StringIO() # Choose a file-like object to write to

>>> foo()

>>> sys.stdout = stdout

>>> foo()

bar

I've seen this done even better -- You can create a context manager to set stdout to whatever you want when you enter the context and then have the context manager reset stdout when you __exit__ the context.

Here's a simple example using contextlib to create the context manager:

import contextlib

import sys

@contextlib.contextmanager

def stdout_redirect(where):

sys.stdout = where

try:

yield where

finally:

sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__

def foo():

print 'bar'

# Examples with StringIO

import StringIO

with stdout_redirect(StringIO.StringIO()) as new_stdout:

foo()

new_stdout.seek(0)

print "data from new_stdout:",new_stdout.read()

new_stdout1 = StringIO.StringIO()

with stdout_redirect(new_stdout1):

foo()

new_stdout1.seek(0)

print "data from new_stdout1:",new_stdout1.read()

# Now with a file object:

with open('new_stdout') as f:

with stdout_redirect(f):

foo()

# Just to prove that we actually did put stdout back as we were supposed to

print "Now calling foo without context"

foo()

Note:

On python3.x, StringIO.StringIO has moved to io.StringIO. Also, on python2.x, cStringIO.StringIO might be slightly more performant.