研究了时间依赖耦合的Kondo模型，这些耦合会周期性地开和关。在无穷多次切换后的稳态中，我们得到了精确的解析结果。有趣的是，自旋-自旋相关函数的长期行为在驱动下保持不变。慢速驱动时，动力学类似于单一交互猝变。快速驱动时，稳态不能通过有效的平衡哈密顿ian来描述，因为不谨慎的Trotter公式应用是不正确的。因此，快速切换极限下的稳态展示了非平衡状态下出现的新量子态。
摘要：
We investigate the Kondo model with time-dependent couplings that are periodically switched on and off. On the Toulouse line we derive exact analytical results for the spin dynamics in the steady state that builds up after an infinite number of switching periods. Remarkably, the universal long-time behavior of the spin-spin correlation function remains completely unaffected by the driving. In the limit of slow driving the dynamics becomes equivalent to that of a single interaction quench. In the limit of fast driving it is shown that the steady state cannot be described by some effective equilibrium Hamiltonian due to the observation that an incautious implementation of the Trotter formula is not correct. As a consequence, the steady state in the limit of fast switching serves as an example for the emergence of new quantum states not accessible in equilibrium.
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