python数据拟合第三方库_Python SciPy库——拟合与插值

1.最小二乘拟合

实例1

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy.optimize import leastsq

plt.figure(figsize=(9,9))

x=np.linspace(0,10,1000)

X = np.array([8.19, 2.72, 6.39, 8.71, 4.7, 2.66, 3.78])

Y = np.array([7.01, 2.78, 6.47, 6.71, 4.1, 4.23, 4.05])

#计算以p为参数的直线和原始数据之间的误差

def f(p):

k, b = p

return(Y-(k*X+b))

#leastsq使得f的输出数组的平方和最小，参数初始值为[1,0]

r = leastsq(f, [1,0])

k, b = r[0]

print("k=",k,"b=",b)

plt.scatter(X,Y, s=100, alpha=1.0, marker='o',label=u'数据点')

y=k*x+b

ax = plt.gca()

ax.set_xlabel(..., fontsize=20)

ax.set_ylabel(..., fontsize=20)

#设置坐标轴标签字体大小

plt.plot(x, y, color='r',linewidth=5, linestyle=":",markersize=20, label=u'拟合曲线')

plt.legend(loc=0, numpoints=1)

leg = plt.gca().get_legend()

ltext = leg.get_texts()

plt.setp(ltext, fontsize='xx-large')

plt.xlabel(u'安培/A')

plt.ylabel(u'伏特/V')

plt.xlim(0, x.max() * 1.1)

plt.ylim(0, y.max() * 1.1)

plt.xticks(fontsize=20)

plt.yticks(fontsize=20)

#刻度字体大小

plt.legend(loc='upper left')

plt.show()

实例2

#最小二乘拟合实例

import numpy as np

from scipy.optimize import leastsq

import pylab as pl

def func(x, p):

"""数据拟合所用的函数: A*cos(2*pi*k*x + theta)"""

A, k, theta = p

return A*np.sin(k*x+theta)

def residuals(p, y,