python中list的用法_如何在python中使用list [list.index(”)]查询

赋值列表表达式在分配时从左到右进行计算.

这是发生的事情：

>评估右手表达式(4,2)

> a [a.index(2)]被评估为分配4,a [2]被改变,列表变为[1,4,3,4,5,6,7]

> a [a.index(4)]被评估为分配2,a [2]再次被改变,因为现在是第一个位置4回到[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] .

您可以在反汇编的Python字节代码中看到这一点：

>>> def foo():

... a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

... a[a.index(2)],a[a.index(4)] = a[a.index(4)],a[a.index(2)]

...

>>> import dis

>>> dis.dis(foo)

2 0 LOAD_CONST 1 (1)

3 LOAD_CONST 2 (2)

6 LOAD_CONST 3 (3)

9 LOAD_CONST 4 (4)

12 LOAD_CONST 5 (5)

15 LOAD_CONST 6 (6)

18 LOAD_CONST 7 (7)

21 BUILD_LIST 7

24 STORE_FAST 0 (a)

3 27 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)

30 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)

33 LOAD_ATTR 0 (index)

36 LOAD_CONST 4 (4)

39 CALL_FUNCTION 1

42 BINARY_SUBSCR

43 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)

46 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)

49 LOAD_ATTR 0 (index)

52 LOAD_CONST 2 (2)

55 CALL_FUNCTION 1

58 BINARY_SUBSCR

59 ROT_TWO

60 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)

63 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)

66 LOAD_ATTR 0 (index)

69 LOAD_CONST 2 (2)

72 CALL_FUNCTION 1

75 STORE_SUBSCR

76 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)

79 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)

82 LOAD_ATTR 0 (index)

85 LOAD_CONST 4 (4)

88 CALL_FUNCTION 1

91 STORE_SUBSCR

92 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)

95 RETURN_VALUE

通过指令索引59,Python已经评估了右侧表达式;接下来是作业.您可以看到首先评估a.index(2)(63-72),然后STORE_SUBSCR存储4,然后仅评估a.index(4)(指令79-85).

解决方法是为每个值调用.index()一次,并将索引存储在变量中：

index_two, index_four = a.index(2), a.index(4)

if index_two < index_four:

a[index_two], a[index_four] = a[index_four], a[index_two]