flock用法详解 linux_linux flock 命令

file_operation是Linux内核驱动中一个非常重要的结构体，它建立了用户空间与内核空间之间的联系。file_operation结构体定义在linux内核的includelinuxfs.h文件中，定义是这样的：struct module owner;

loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);

ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);

ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);

ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);

ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);

int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);

unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);

/ remove by cym 20130408 support for MT660.ko /

#if 0

//#ifdef CONFIG_SMM6260_MODEM

#if 1// liang, Pixtree also need to use ioctl interface...

int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

#endif

#endif

/ end remove /

long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);

int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);

int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);

int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);

int (*fsync) (struct file *, int datasync);

int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);

int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);

int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);

ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);

unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);

int (*check_flags)(int);

int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);

ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);

ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);

int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock *);

long (*fallocate)(struct file file, int mode, loff_t offset,

loff_t len);

/ add by cym 20130408 support for MT6260 and Pixtree /

#if defined(CONFIG_SMM6260_MODEM) || defined(CONFIG_USE_GPIO_AS_I2C)

int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

#endif

/ end add */

};

由定义可以看出，该结构体里面定义了许多的函数指针，例如我们在写驱动程序时经常会用到的open、ioctl、read、write等。同时也指明了函数指针里面的参数，这也是为什么我们在写Linux驱动程序的open等函数时，里面的参数都是固定的，不能自己额外添加。当我们在驱动程序中完成open、close等函数之后，就必须在file_operation里面进行映射，使file_operation里面的函数指针一一对应你自己编写的open、colse等方法。这样我们在用户空间中就可以通过调用close、open等函数来调用Linux内核你自己编写的驱动程序啦，不过要成功调用这些函数，你还必须include头文件，关于这部分的内容，你可以详细阅读linux的VFS，里面会有详细介绍哦。

可以参考《Linux设备驱动开发详解_宋宝华》这本书里面的

struct file _ operations

{

struct module owner;

// 拥有该结构的模块的指针，一般为 THIS _ MODULES

loff _ t(*llseek)(struct file *, loff _ t, int);

// 用来修改文件当前的读写位置

ssize _ t(*read)(struct file *, char _ _ user *, size _ t, loff _ t);

// 从设备中同步读取数据

ssize _ t(*aio _ read)(struct kiocb , char _ _ user *, size _ t, loff _ t);

// 初始化一个异步的读取操作

ssize _ t(*write)(struct file *, const char _ _ user *, size _ t,

loff _ t);

// 向设备发送数据

ssize _ t(*aio _ write)(struct kiocb , const char _ _ user *, size _ t,

loff _ t);

// 初始化一个异步的写入操作

int(*readdir)(struct file *, void *, filldir _ t);

// 仅用于读取目录，对于设备文件，该字段为 NULL

unsigned int(*poll)(struct file *, struct poll _ table _ struct);

// 轮询函数，判断目前是否可以进行非阻塞的读取或写入

int(*ioctl)(struct inode , struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned

long);

// 执行设备 I/O 控制命令

long(*unlocked _ ioctl)(struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

// 不使用 BLK 文件系统，将使用此种函数指针代替 ioctl

long(*compat _ ioctl)(struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);

// 在 64 位系统上，32 位的 ioctl 调用将使用此函数指针代替

int(*mmap)(struct file *, struct vm _ area _ struct);

// 用于请求将设备内存映射到进程地址空间

int(*open)(struct inode , struct file);

// 打开

int(*flush)(struct file*);

int(*release)(struct inode , struct file);

// 关闭

int(*synch)(struct file , struct dentry *, int datasync);

// 刷新待处理的数据

int(*aio _ fsync)(struct kiocb *, int datasync);

// 异步 fsync

int(*fasync)(int, struct file *, int);

// 通知设备 FASYNC 标志发生变化

int(*lock)(struct file *, int, struct file _ lock);

ssize _ t(*readv)(struct file , const struct iovec *, unsigned long,

loff _ t);

ssize _ t(*writev)(struct file , const struct iovec *, unsigned long,

loff _ t);

// readv 和 writev：分散/聚集型的读写操作

ssize _ t(*sendfile)(struct file , loff _ t *, size _ t, read _ actor _ t,

void);

// 通常为 NULL

ssize _ t(*sendpage)(struct file , struct page *, int, size _ t,

loff _ t *, int);

// 通常为 NULL

unsigned long(*get _ unmapped _ area)(struct file *,unsigned long,

unsigned long,

unsigned long, unsigned long);

// 在进程地址空间找到一个将底层设备中的内存段映射的位置

int(*check _ flags)(int);

// 允许模块检查传递给 fcntl(F _ SETEL...)调用的标志

int(*dir _ notify)(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg);

// 仅对文件系统有效，驱动程序不必实现

int(*flock)(struct file *, int, struct file _ lock);

};