python字典设置默认值_python字典和默认值

测试@Tim Pietzcker对Python 3.3.5中PyPy(5.2.0-alpha0)情况的怀疑，我发现.get()和if / else方式确实表现相似。实际上，似乎在if / else情况下，如果条件和赋值涉及相同的密钥，则甚至只有一个查找(与有两次查找的最后一种情况相比)。

>>>> timeit.timeit(setup="d={1:2, 3:4, 5:6, 7:8, 9:0}",

.... stmt="try:\n a=d[1]\nexcept KeyError:\n a=10")

0.011889292989508249

>>>> timeit.timeit(setup="d={1:2, 3:4, 5:6, 7:8, 9:0}",

.... stmt="try:\n a=d[2]\nexcept KeyError:\n a=10")

0.07310474599944428

>>>> timeit.timeit(setup="d={1:2, 3:4, 5:6, 7:8, 9:0}",

.... stmt="a=d.get(1, 10)")

0.010391917996457778

>>>> timeit.timeit(setup="d={1:2, 3:4, 5:6, 7:8, 9:0}",

.... stmt="a=d.get(2, 10)")

0.009348208011942916

>>>> timeit.timeit(setup="d={1:2, 3:4, 5:6, 7:8, 9:0}",

.... stmt="if 1 in d:\n a=d[1]\nelse:\n a=10")

0.011475925013655797

>>>> timeit.timeit(setup="d={1:2, 3:4, 5:6, 7:8, 9:0}",

.... stmt="if 2 in d:\n a=d[2]\nelse:\n a=10")

0.009605801998986863

>>>> timeit.timeit(setup="d={1:2, 3:4, 5:6, 7:8, 9:0}",

.... stmt="if 2 in d:\n a=d[2]\nelse:\n a=d[1]")

0.017342638995614834