h2database vs mysql_H2 vs. MySQL vs. OrientDB Comparison

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparison

DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Secondary database models

DeveloperThomas MuellerOracle since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Initial release200519952010

Current release1.4.200, October 20198.0.23 , January 20213.1.0, June 2020

License Commercial or Open SourceOpen Source dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availableOpen Source Apache version 2

Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud servicenonono

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++Java

Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD

Linux

OS X

Solaris

WindowsAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Data schemeyesyesschema-free Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

Typing predefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes

XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno

Secondary indexesyesyesyes

SQL Support of SQLyesyes with proprietary extensionsSQL-like query language, no joins

APIs and other access methodsJDBC

ODBCADO.NET

JDBC

ODBC

Proprietary native APITinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes

Java API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languagesJavaAda

C

C#

C++

D

Delphi

Eiffel

Erlang

Haskell

Java

JavaScript (Node.js)

Objective-C

OCaml

Perl

PHP

Python

Ruby

Scheme

Tcl.Net

C

C#

C++

Clojure

Java

JavaScript

JavaScript (Node.js)

PHP

Python

Ruby

Scala

Server-side scripts Stored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes proprietary syntaxJava, Javascript

TriggersyesyesHooks

Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL FabricSharding

Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication

Source-replica replicationMulti-source replication

MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency

Foreign keys Referential integrityyesyes not for MyISAM storage engineyes relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID not for MyISAM storage engineACID

Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes table locks or row locks depending on storage engineyes

Durability Support for making data persistentyesyesyes

In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes

User concepts Access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept no user groups or rolesAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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