python中dir函数的作用_解释Python中的help()和dir()函数

Help()函数是一个内置函数，用于查看函数或模块用途的详细说明：

>>> import copy

>>> help(copy.copy)

运行结果为：

Help on function copy in module copy:

copy(x)

Shallow copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.

See the module’s __doc__ string for more info.

Dir()函数也是Python内置函数，dir() 函数不带参数时，返回当前范围内的变量、方法和定义的类型列表；带参数时，返回参数的属性、方法列表。

以下实例展示了 dir 的使用方法：

>>> dir(copy.copy)

运行结果为：

[‘__annotations__’, ‘__call__’, ‘__class__’, ‘__closure__’, ‘__code__’, ‘__defaults__’, ‘__delattr__’, ‘__dict__’, ‘__dir__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__eq__’, ‘__format__’, ‘__ge__’, ‘__get__’, ‘__getattribute__’, ‘__globals__’, ‘__gt__’, ‘__hash__’, ‘__init__’, ‘__init_subclass__’, ‘__kwdefaults__’, ‘__le__’, ‘__lt__’, ‘__module__’, ‘__name__’, ‘__ne__’, ‘__new__’, ‘__qualname__’, ‘__reduce__’, ‘__reduce_ex__’, ‘__repr__’, ‘__setattr__’, ‘__sizeof__’, ‘__str__’, ‘__subclasshook__’]