文本导入数据到oracle_oracle导出数据到文本、从文本导入数据

经常有需求向表中导入大量的数据，使用insert不靠谱，太慢

oracle提供了sqlldr的工具

也有时需要讲数据导入到文本，oracle的spool可以轻松实现

方便的实现oracle导出数据到txt、txt导入数据到oracle

一、导出数据到txt

这里用all_objects表做测试

SQL> descall_objects;

NameNull? Type----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

SUBOBJECT_NAMEVARCHAR2(30)OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBERDATA_OBJECT_IDNUMBEROBJECT_TYPEVARCHAR2(19)

CREATEDNOT NULLDATE

LAST_DDL_TIMENOT NULLDATETIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19)

STATUSVARCHAR2(7)TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1)

GENERATEDVARCHAR2(1)

SECONDARYVARCHAR2(1)

拿object_id,object_name做导出、导入测试

这里需要一些设置满足数据导出的样式

vi exp_table.sql

set line 1000 --设置行的长度

set pagesize 0 --输出不换页

set feedback off --默认的当一条sql发出的时候，oracle会给一个反馈，比如说创建表的时候，如果成功命令行会返回类似：Table created的反馈,off后不显示反馈

set heading off --不显示表头信息

set trimspool on --如果trimspool设置为on，将移除spool文件中的尾部空

set trims on --去掉空字符

set echo off;　　　　 --显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on

set colsep '|' --设置分隔符

set termout off --不在屏幕上显示结果

spool db1.txt --记录数据到db1.txt

select object_id,object_name from all_objects; --导出数据语句

spooloff --收集完毕

exit

一切就绪后导出数据

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013Copyright (c)1982, 2007, Oracle. AllRights Reserved.

Connectedto:

OracleDatabase 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bitProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and RealApplication Testing options

Disconnectedfrom Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bitProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and RealApplication Testing options[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g'db1.txt --可选，去除每行开头部分的空格[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$44|I_USER128|CON$15|UNDO$29|C_COBJ#3|I_OBJ#25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$

导出后检查数据的记录数是否正确

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l49988

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013Copyright (c)1982, 2007, Oracle. AllRights Reserved.

Connectedto:

OracleDatabase 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bitProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and RealApplication Testing options

SQL> select count(*) fromall_objects;COUNT(*)----------

49988 --数据正确

二、从txt导入数据到oracle

sqlldr是通过一个control文件设定后，从文本导入数据

建立一张测试表

SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));Table created.

建立一个control文件

vi tb_sqlldr.ctl

loaddata

infile'db1.txt' --数据来源文本

append into table tb_sqlldr --数据导入到表tb_sqldr中，导入方式为追加，如果想覆盖

fields terminated by "|" --4、字段终止于X'09'，是一个制表符(tab)

(id,name) --定义对应的字段名称，注意顺序

导入数据分成四种模式，可以根据需求选择：

APPEND // 原先的表有数据 就加在后面

INSERT // 装载空表 如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止 默认值

REPLACE // 原先的表有数据 原先的数据会全部删除

TRUNCATE // 指定的内容和replace的相同 会用truncate语句删除现存数据

执行导入操作

sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl

差不多5w的数据短短2s解决

执行导入后验证数据

SQL> select count(*) fromtb_sqlldr;COUNT(*)----------

49988

导入成功

再执行一次导入操作，由于设置为追加

SQL> select count(*) fromtb_sqlldr;COUNT(*)----------

99976

记录翻倍

sqlldr还有很多参数供选择，比如log、bad这些，查看帮助即可

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr

SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013Copyright (c)1982, 2007, Oracle. Allrights reserved.

Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]Valid Keywords:

userid--ORACLE username/password

control --control file name

log --log file name

bad --bad file name

data --data file name

discard --discard file name

discardmax --number of discards to allow (Default all)

skip --number of logical records to skip (Default 0)

load --number of logical records to load (Default all)

errors --number of errors to allow (Default 50)

rows --number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves

(Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)

bindsize--size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000)

silent --suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)

direct --use direct path (Default FALSE)

parfile --parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications

parallel --do parallel load (Default FALSE)

file --file to allocate extents from

skip_unusable_indexes --disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)

skip_index_maintenance --do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)

commit_discontinued --commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE)

readsize --size of read buffer (Default 1048576)

external_table --use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)

columnarrayrows --number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)

streamsize --size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)

multithreading --use multithreading in direct path

resumable --enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)

resumable_name --text string to help identify resumable statement

resumable_timeout --wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)

date_cache --size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)

PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either bypositionor by keywords. An example of the former case is 'sqlldr

scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo

userid=scott/tiger'. One may specify parameters byposition before

butnot after parameters specified by keywords. Forexample,'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' isallowed, but'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the

positionof the parameter 'log' is correct.