LNK302/304-306
LinkSwitchTM-TN Family
Lowest Component Count, Energy-Efficient
Off-Line Switcher IC
Product Highlights FB BP
Cost Effective Linear/Cap Dropper Replacement + D S +
� Lowest cost and component count buck converter solution
� Fully integrated auto-restart for short-circuit and open loop Wide Range LinkSwitch-TN DC
High-Voltage Output
fault protection � saves external component costs
� LNK302 uses a simplified controller without auto-restart for DC Input
very low system cost Figure 1. PI-3492-041509
� 66 kHz operation with accurate current limit � allows low cost
Typical Buck Converter Application (See Application Examples Section
off-the-shelf 1 mH inductor for up to 120 mA output current for Other Circuit Configurations).
� Tight tolerances and negligible temperature variation
� High breakdown voltage of 700 V provides excellent input Output Current Table1
surge withstand Product4 230 VAC �15% 85-265 VAC
� Frequency jittering dramatically reduces EMI (~10 dB)
LNK302P/G/D MDCM2 CCM3 MDCM2 CCM3
� Minimizes EMI filter cost LNK304P/G/D
� High thermal shutdown temperature (+135 �C minimum) LNK305P/G/D 63 mA 80 mA 63 mA 80 mA
LNK306P/G/D
Much Higher Performance Over Discrete Buck and 120 mA 170 mA 120 mA 170 mA
Passive Solutions
� Supports buck, buck-boost and flyback topologies 175 mA 280 mA 175 mA 280 mA
� System level thermal overload, output short-circuit and open
225 mA 360 mA 225 mA 360 mA
control loop protection
� Excellent line and load regulation even with typical configuration Table 1. Output Current Table.
� High bandwidth provides fast turn-on with no overshoot
� Current limit operation rejects line ripple Notes:
� Universal input voltage range (85 VAC to 265 VAC) 1. Typical output current in a non-isolated buck converter. Output power capability
� Built-in current limit and hysteretic thermal protection
� Higher efficiency than passive solutions depends on respective output voltage. See Key Applications Considerations
� Higher power factor than capacitor-fed solutions Section for complete description of assumptions, including fully discontinuous
� Entirely manufacturable in SMD conduction mode (DCM) operation.
2. Mostly discontinuous conduction mode.
EcoSmartTM� Extremely Energy Efficient 3. Continuous conduction mode.
� Consumes typically only 50/80 mW in self-powered buck 4. Packages: P: DIP-8B, G: SMD-8B, D: SO-8C.
topology at 115/230 VAC input with no-load (opto feedback) and thermal shutdown circuitry onto a monolithic IC. The start-up
� Consumes typically only 7/12 mW in flyback topology with and operating power are derived directly from the voltage on the
DRAIN pin, eliminating the need for a bias supply and associated
external bias at 115/230 VAC input with no-load circuitry in buck or flyback converters. The fully integrated
� Meets California Energy Commission (CEC), Energy Star, and auto-restart circuit in the LNK304-306 safely limits output power
during fault conditions such as short-circuit or open loop,
EU requirements reducing component count and system-level load protection
cost. A local supply provided by the IC allows use of a non-
Applications safety graded optocoupler acting as a level shifter to further
� Appliances and timers enhance line and load regulation performance in buck and
� LED drivers and industrial controls buck-boost converters, if required.
Description
LinkSwitch-TN is specifically designed to replace all linear and
capacitor-fed (cap dropper) non-isolated power supplies in the
under 360 mA output current range at equal system cost while
offering much higher performance and energy efficiency.
LinkSwitch-TN devices integrate a 700 V power MOSFET,
oscillator, simple On/Off control scheme, a high-voltage switched
current source, frequency jittering, cycle-by-cycle current limit
www.powerint.com June 2013
This Product is Covered by Patents and/or Pending Patent Applications.
LNK302/304-306
BYPASS REGULATOR DRAIN
(BP) 5.8 V (D)
5.8 V BYPASS PIN
4.85 V UNDERVOLTAGE
+
-
CURRENT LIMIT
COMPARATOR
6.3 V - VILIMIT
+
FEEDBACK JITTER THERMAL
(FB) CLOCK SHUTDOWN -
DCMAX +
1.65 V -VT SQ
OSCILLATOR RQ
LEADING SOURCE
EDGE (S)
BLANKING PI-3904-032213
Figure 2a. Functional Block Diagram (LNK302).
BYPASS REGULATOR DRAIN
(BP) 5.8 V (D)
FAULT
PRESENT
6.3 V AUTO- BYPASS PIN
RESTART UNDERVOLTAGE
COUNTER 5.8 V + CURRENT LIMIT
4.85 V COMPARATOR
CLOCK -
RESET
VILIMIT
FEEDBACK JITTER THERMAL
(FB) CLOCK SHUTDOWN
DCMAX
1.65 V -VT SQ
OSCILLATOR RQ
LEADING SOURCE
EDGE (S)
BLANKING PI-2367-032213
Figure 2b. Functional Block Diagram (LNK304-306). www.powerint.com
2
Rev. J 06/13
LNK302/304-306
Pin Functional Description for both average and quasi-peak emissions. The frequency
jitter should be measured with the oscilloscope triggered at the
DRAIN (D) Pin: falling edge of the DRAIN waveform. The waveform in Figure 4
Power MOSFET drain connection. Provides internal operating illustrates the frequency jitter of the LinkSwitch-TN.
current for both start-up and steady-state operation.
Feedback Input Circuit
BYPASS (BP) Pin: The feedback input circuit at the FEEDBACK pin consists of a
Connection point for a 0.1 mF external bypass capacitor for the low impedance source follower output set at 1.65 V. When the
internally generated 5.8 V supply. current delivered into this pin exceeds 49 �A, a low logic level
(disable) is generated at the output of the feedback circuit. This
FEEDBACK (FB) Pin: output is sampled at the beginning of each cycle on the rising
During normal operation, switching of the power MOSFET is edge of the clock signal. If high, the power MOSFET is turned
controlled by this pin. MOSFET switching is terminated when a on for that cycle (enabled), otherwise the power MOSFET
current greater than 49 �A is delivered into this pin. remains off (disabled). Since the sampling is done only at the
beginning of each cycle, subsequent changes in the FEEDBACK
SOURCE (S) Pin: pin voltage or current during the remainder of the cycle are ignored.
This pin is the power MOSFET source connection. It is also the
ground reference for the BYPASS and FEEDBACK pins. 5.8 V Regulator and 6.3 V Shunt Voltage Clamp
The 5.8 V regulator charges the bypass capacitor connected to
P Package (DIP-8B) D Package (SO-8C) the BYPASS pin to 5.8 V by drawing a current from the voltage
G Package (SMD-8B) on the DRAIN, whenever the MOSFET is off. The BYPASS pin
is the internal supply voltage node for the LinkSwitch-TN. When
S1 8 S BP 1 8 the MOSFET is on, the LinkSwitch-TN runs off of the energy
S stored in the bypass capacitor. Extremely low power consumption
of the internal circuitry allows the LinkSwitch-TN to operate
S2 7S 2 7 continuously from the current drawn from the DRAIN pin. A
FB S bypass capacitor value of 0.1 �F is sufficient for both high
frequency decoupling and energy storage.
BP 3 6 S
In addition, there is a 6.3 V shunt regulator clamping the
D 4 5 S BYPASS pin at 6.3 V when current is provided to the BYPASS
pin through an external resistor. This facilitates powering of
FB 4 5D LinkSwitch-TN externally through a bias winding to decrease
the no-load consumption to about 50 mW.
3a 3b
BYPASS Pin Undervoltage
PI-5422-060613 The BYPASS pin undervoltage circuitry disables the power
MOSFET when the BYPASS pin voltage drops below 4.85 V.
Figure 3. Pin Configuration. Once the BYPASS pin voltage drops below 4.85 V, it must rise
back to 5.8 V to enable (turn-on) the power MOSFET.
LinkSwitch-TN Functional Description
Over-Temperature Protection
LinkSwitch-TN combines a high-voltage power MOSFET switch The thermal shutdown circuitry senses the die temperature.
with a power supply controller in one device. Unlike conventional The threshold is set at 142 �C typical with a 75 �C hysteresis.
PWM (pulse width modulator) controllers, LinkSwitch-TN uses a When the die temperature rises above this threshold (142 �C)
simple ON/OFF control to regulate the output voltage. The the power MOSFET is disabled and remains disabled until the
LinkSwitch-TN controller consists of an oscillator, feedback die temperature falls by 75 �C, at which point it is re-enabled.
(sense and logic) circuit, 5.8 V regulator, BYPASS pin
undervoltage circuit, over-temperature protection, frequency Current Limit
jittering, current limit circuit, leading edge blanking and a 700 V The current limit circuit senses the current in the power MOSFET.
power MOSFET. The LinkSwitch-TN incorporates additional When this current exceeds the internal threshold (ILIMIT), the
circuitry for auto-restart. power MOSFET is turned off for the remainder of that cycle.
The leading edge blanking circuit inhibits the current limit
Oscillator comparator for a short time (tLEB) after the power MOSFET is
The typical oscillator frequency is internally set to an average of turned on. This leading edge blanking time has been set so
66 kHz. Two signals are generated from the oscillator: the that current spikes caused by capacitance and rectifier reverse
maximum duty cycle signal (DCMAX) and the clock signal that recovery time will not cause premature termination of the
indicates the beginning of each cycle. switching pulse.
The LinkSwitch-TN oscillator incorporates circuitry that
introduces a small amount of frequency jitter, typically 4 kHz
peak-to-peak, to minimize EMI emission. The modulation rate
of the frequency jitter is set to 1 kHz to optimize EMI reduction
www.powerint.com 3
Rev. J 06/13
LNK302/304-306
600 PI-3660-081303 flame proof, fusible, wire wound resistor. It accomplishes
several functions: a) Inrush current limitation to safe levels for
500 rectifiers D3 and D4; b) Differential mode noise attenuation; c)
VDRAIN Input fuse should any other component fail short-circuit
(component fails safely open-circuit without emitting smoke, fire
400 or incandescent material).
300 The power processing stage is formed by the LinkSwitch-TN,
freewheeling diode D1, output choke L1, and the output capacitor
200 C2. The LNK304 was selected such that the power supply
operates in the mostly discontinuous-mode (MDCM). Diode D1
100 is an ultrafast diode with a reverse recovery time (tRR) of
approximately 75 ns, acceptable for MDCM operation. For
0 continuous conduction mode (CCM) designs, a diode with a trr
68 kHz of 35 ns is recommended. Inductor L1 is a standard off-the-
64 kHz shelf inductor with appropriate RMS current rating (and acceptable
temperature rise). Capacitor C2 is the output filter capacitor; its
0 20 primary function is to limit the output voltage ripple. The output
voltage ripple is a stronger function of the ESR of the output
Time (�s) capacitor than the value of the capacitor itself.
Figure 4. Frequency Jitter. To a first order, the forward voltage drops of D1 and D2 are
identical. Therefore, the voltage across C3 tracks the output
Auto-Restart (LNK304-306 Only) voltage. The voltage developed across C3 is sensed and
In the event of a fault condition such as output overload, output regulated via the resistor divider R1 and R3 connected to U1's
short, or an open-loop condition, LinkSwitch-TN enters into FEEDBACK pin. The values of R1 and R3 are selected such
auto-restart operation. An internal counter clocked by the that, at the desired output voltage, the voltage at the
oscillator gets reset every time the FEEDBACK pin is pulled FEEDBACK pin is 1.65 V.
high. If the FEEDBACK pin is not pulled high for 50 ms, the
power MOSFET switching is disabled for 800 ms. The auto- Regulation is maintained by skipping switching cycles. As the
restart alternately enables and disables the switching of the output voltage rises, the current into the FEEDBACK pin will
power MOSFET until the fault condition is removed. rise. If this exceeds IFB then subsequent cycles will be skipped
until the current reduces below IFB. Thus, as the output load is
Applications Example reduced, more cycles will be skipped and if the load increases,
fewer cycles are skipped. To provide overload protection if no
A 1.44 W Universal Input Buck Converter cycles are skipped during a 50 ms period, LinkSwitch-TN will
The circuit shown in Figure 5 is a typical implementation of a enter auto-restart (LNK304-306), limiting the average output
12 V, 120 mA non-isolated power supply used in appliance power to approximately 6% of the maximum overload power.
control such as rice cookers, dishwashers or other white goods. Due to tracking errors between the output voltage and the
This circuit may also be applicable to other applications such as voltage across C3 at light load or no-load, a small pre-load may
night-lights, LED drivers, electricity meters, and residential be required (R4). For the design in Figure 5, if regulation to zero
heating controllers, where a non-isolated supply is acceptable. load is required, then this value should be reduced to 2.4 k.
The input stage comprises fusible resistor RF1, diodes D3 and
D4, capacitors C4 and C5, and inductor L2. Resistor RF1 is a
R1
13.0 k
1%
RF1 L2 FB BP C1 R3 C3 D2
8.2 1 mH 100 nF 2.05 k 10 �F 1N4005GP
2W 35 V
C4 1% 12 V,
D3 4.7 �F D S L1 120 mA
1N4007 400 V D1 1 mH
85-265 C5 LinkSwitch-TN UF4005 280 mA C2 R4 RTN
VAC D4 LNK304 100 �F 3.3 k PI-3757-041509
1N4007 4.7 �F
400 V 16 V
Figure 5. Universal Input, 12 V, 120 mA Constant Voltage Power Supply Using LinkSwitch-TN.
4 www.powerint.com
Rev. J 06/13
LNK302/304-306
LinkSwitch-TN
RF1 D3 L2
D FB
R1 D2
BP +
AC C4 C5 S S C1 C3 L1
INPUT R3 DC
S S OUTPUT
C2
D4 D1
PI-3750-041509
Optimize hatched copper areas ( ) for heatsinking and EMI.
Figure 6a. Recommended Printed Circuit Layout for LinkSwitch-TN in a Buck Converter Configuration using P or G Package.
RF1 D3 L2
D LinkSwitch-TN S
S L1
FB S +
BP S D1
AC C4 C5 C3 D2 C2
INPUT
C1 DC
R3 R1 OUTPUT
D4
Optimize hatched copper areas ( ) for heatsinking and EMI. PI-4546-041509
Figure 6b. Recommended Printed Circuit Layout for LinkSwitch-TN in a Buck Converter Configuration using D Package to Bottom Side of the Board.
Key Application Considerations LinkSwitch-TN Selection and Selection Between
MDCM and CCM Operation
LinkSwitch-TN Design Considerations
Select the LinkSwitch-TN device, freewheeling diode and
Output Current Table output inductor that gives the lowest overall cost. In general,
Data sheet maximum output current table (Table 1) represents MDCM provides the lowest cost and highest efficiency converter.
the maximum practical continuous output current for both CCM designs require a larger inductor and ultrafast (tRR 35 ns)
mostly discontinuous conduction mode (MDCM) and continuous freewheeling diode in all cases. It is lower cost to use a larger
conduction mode (CCM) of operation that can be delivered LinkSwitch-TN in MDCM than a smaller LinkSwitch-TN in CCM
from a given LinkSwitch-TN device under the following because of the additional external component costs of a CCM
assumed conditions: design. However, if the highest output current is required, CCM
1. Buck converter topology. should be employed following the guidelines below.
2. The minimum DC input voltage is 70 V. The value of input
Topology Options
capacitance should be large enough to meet this criterion. LinkSwitch-TN can be used in all common topologies, with or
3. For CCM operation a KRP* of 0.4. without an optocoupler and reference to improve output voltage
4. Output voltage of 12 VDC. tolerance and regulation. Table 2 provide a summary of these
5. Efficiency of 75%. configurations. For more information see the Application Note
6. A catch/freewheeling diode with tRR 75 ns is used for MDCM � LinkSwitch-TN Design Guide.
operation and for CCM operation, a diode with tRR 35 ns is
used.
7. The part is board mounted with SOURCE pins soldered to a
sufficient area of copper to keep the SOURCE pin tempera-
ture at or below 100 �C.
*KRP is the ratio of ripple to peak inductor current.
www.powerint.com 5
Rev. J 06/13
LNK302/304-306
Topology Basic Circuit Schematic Key Features
High-Side
Buck � FB BP 1. Output referenced to input
Direct 2. Positive output (VO) with respect to -VIN
Feedback + D S + 3. Step down � VO < VIN
4. Low cost direct feedback (�10% typ.)
High-Side VIN LinkSwitch-TN + 5. Requires an output load to maintain regulation
Buck � +
Optocoupler VO
Feedback
FB BP PI-3751-041509 1. Output referenced to input
Low-Side
Buck � +D S VO 2. Positive output (VO) with respect to -VIN
Optocoupler 3. Step down � VO < VIN
Feedback LinkSwitch-TN 4. Optocoupler feedback
VIN - Accuracy only limited by reference choice
- Low cost non-safety rated optocoupler
- No pre-load required
5. Minimum no-load consumption
PI-3752-041509
+ +
VIN LinkSwitch-TN VO
BP FB 1. Output referenced to input
S D PI-3753-041509 2. Negative output (VO) with respect to +VIN
IO 3. Step down � VO < VIN
Low-Side + 4. Optocoupler feedback
Buck � VF +
Constant LinkSwitch-TN - Accuracy only limited by reference choice
Current LED VIN
Driver - Low cost non-safety rated optocoupler
High-Side - No pre-load required
Buck-Boost �
Direct - Ideal for driving LEDs
Feedback
BP FB
High-Side
Buck-Boost � S D R = VF PI-3754-041509
Constant IO
Current LED
Driver FB BP
+ D S
VIN LinkSwitch-TN VO 1. Output referenced to input
2. Negative output (VO) with respect to +VIN
FB BP 300 PI-3755-041509 3. Step up/down � VO > VIN or VO < VIN
4. Low cost direct feedback (�10% typ.)
2 k 2V 5. Fail-safe � output is not subjected to input
RSENSE RSENSE = IO
voltage if the internal power MOSFET fails
IO 6. Ideal for driving LEDs � better accuracy and
+D S temperature stability than Low-side Buck
constant current LED driver
LinkSwitch-TN 10 �F 100 nF 7. Requires an output load to maintain regulation
VIN 50 V
PI-3779-041509
Table 2. Common Circuit Configurations Using LinkSwitch-TN. (continued on next page)
6 www.powerint.com
Rev. J 06/13
LNK302/304-306
Topology Basic Circuit Schematic Key Features
Low-Side + 1. Output referenced to input
Buck-Boost � 2. Positive output (VO) with respect to +VIN
Optocoupler LinkSwitch-TN 3. Step up/down � VO > VIN or VO < VIN
Feedback VIN 4. Optocoupler feedback
BP FB VO+ - Accuracy only limited by reference choice
- Low cost non-safety rated optocoupler
S D PI-3756-041509 - No pre-load required
5. Fail-safe � output is not subjected to input
voltage if the internal power MOSFET fails
6. Minimum no-load consumption
Table 2 (cont). Common Circuit Configurations Using LinkSwitch-TN.
Component Selection should not exceed the rated ripple voltage divided by the typical
current limit of the chosen LinkSwitch-TN.
Referring to Figure 5, the following considerations may be
helpful in selecting components for a LinkSwitch-TN design. Feedback Resistors R1 and R3
The values of the resistors in the resistor divider formed by R1
Freewheeling Diode D1 and R3 are selected to maintain 1.65 V at the FEEDBACK pin. It
Diode D1 should be an ultrafast type. For MDCM, reverse is recommended that R3 be chosen as a standard 1% resistor
recovery time tRR 75 ns should be used at a temperature of of 2 k. This ensures good noise immunity by biasing the
70 �C or below. Slower diodes are not acceptable, as continuous feedback network with a current of approximately 0.8 mA.
mode operation will always occur during startup, causing high
leading edge current spikes, terminating the switching cycle Feedback Capacitor C3
prematurely, and preventing the output from reaching regulation. Capacitor C3 can be a low cost general purpose capacitor. It
If the ambient temperature is above 70 �C then a diode with tRR provides a "sample and hold" function, charging to the output
35 ns should be used. voltage during the off time of LinkSwitch-TN. Its value should
be 10 �F to 22 �F; smaller values cause poorer regulation at
For CCM an ultrafast diode with reverse recovery time tRR 35 ns light load conditions.
should be used. A slower diode may cause excessive leading
edge current spikes, terminating the switching cycle prematurely Pre-Load Resistor R4
and preventing full power delivery. In high-side, direct feedback designs where the minimum load
is
扫一扫
1905
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
