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创建ext4文件系统

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1310720 inodes, 5242624 blocks

262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /sdb

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/ol-root 36G 4.0G 32G 12% /

devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev

tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 1.8G 8.9M 1.8G 1% /run

tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 497M 195M 303M 40% /boot

tmpfs 369M 0 369M 0% /run/user/0

/dev/sdb1 20G 45M 19G 1% /sdb

准备测试数据

[root@localhost sdb]# cd /etc/sysctl.d/

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# ls

99-sysctl.conf

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# cp 99-sysctl.conf /sdb

[root@localhost sysctl.d]# more 99-sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.

# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/.conf file

#

# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

破坏ext4文件系统

[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=1024 count=5

5+0 records in

5+0 records out

5120 bytes (5.1 kB) copied, 0.00270838 s, 1.9 MB/s

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb

mount: unknown filesystem type '(null)'

日志报错

[ 8868.362628] sd 32:0:1:0: [sdb] Cache data unavailable

[ 8868.362632] sd 32:0:1:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through

[ 8868.363714] sdb: sdb1

[ 8868.390297] sd 32:0:1:0: [sdb] Cache data unavailable

[ 8868.390301] sd 32:0:1:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through

[ 8868.391462] sdb: sdb1

[ 8900.130143] EXT4-fs (sdb1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)

[ 8900.130163] SELinux: initialized (dev sdb1, type ext4), uses xattr

[ 8902.803966] sdb1: WRITE SAME failed. Manually zeroing.

fsck修复

[root@localhost ~]# fsck -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

fsck from util-linux 2.23.2

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block

fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...

/dev/sdb1 was not cleanly unmounted, check forced.

Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes

Pass 2: Checking directory structure

Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity

Pass 4: Checking reference counts

Pass 5: Checking group summary information

Free blocks count wrong for group #1 (31740, counted=31739).

Fix? yes

Free blocks count wrong (5116302, counted=5116301).

Fix? yes

Free inodes count wrong for group #0 (8181, counted=8180).

Fix? yes

Free inodes count wrong (1310709, counted=1310708).

Fix? yes

/dev/sdb1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****

/dev/sdb1: 12/1310720 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 126323/5242624 blocks

测试修复结果

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/ol-root 36G 4.0G 32G 12% /

devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev

tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 1.8G 8.9M 1.8G 1% /run

tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 497M 195M 303M 40% /boot

tmpfs 369M 0 369M 0% /run/user/0

/dev/sdb1 20G 45M 19G 1% /sdb

[root@localhost ~]# cd /sdb

[root@localhost sdb]# ls

99-sysctl.conf lost+found

[root@localhost sdb]# more 99-sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.

# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/.conf file

#

# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

ext4文件系统修复

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1310720 inodes, 5242624 blocks

262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/ol-root 36G 4.0G 32G 12% /

devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev

tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 1.8G 8.9M 1.8G 1% /run

tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 497M 195M 303M 40% /boot

tmpfs 369M 0 369M 0% /run/user/0

/dev/sdb1 20G 45M 19G 1% /sdb

[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=1024 count=5

5+0 records in

5+0 records out

5120 bytes (5.1 kB) copied, 0.0138915 s, 369 kB/s

[root@localhost ~]# fsck -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

fsck from util-linux 2.23.2

e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block

fsck.ext3: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...

/dev/sdb1 was not cleanly unmounted, check forced.

Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes

Pass 2: Checking directory structure

Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity

Pass 4: Checking reference counts

Pass 5: Checking group summary information

/dev/sdb1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****

/dev/sdb1: 11/1310720 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 126322/5242624 blocks

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/ol-root 36G 4.0G 32G 12% /

devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev

tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 1.8G 8.9M 1.8G 1% /run

tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 497M 195M 303M 40% /boot

tmpfs 369M 0 369M 0% /run/user/0

/dev/sdb1 20G 45M 19G 1% /sdb

fsck修复危险性较大,建议先备份对应的分区(dd命令备份分区)然后再处理,有导致分区数据全部或者部分丢失的风险,如果超级块彻底损坏无法恢复,请联系我们，提供专业ORACLE数据库恢复技术支持

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