linux安装配置mysql数据库_Linux下MySQL数据库安装与配置

安装环境准备

操作系统： Oracle Linux Server 6.5

IP 地址： 192.168.6.176

版本信息： MySQL Community Server 5.7.18

下载MySQL数据库

访问MySQL网站

MySQL官网下载

根据操作系统类型和版本下载相应的安装包

注：此处下载的是RPM格式的安装包，通过RPM方式进行安装。

需要下载的安装包：

mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

下载安装包

安装MySQL数据库

在Linux操作系统下执行命令进行安装。

[root@DB-Server-Node1 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:mysql-community-common ########################################### [ 25%]

2:mysql-community-libs ########################################### [ 50%]

3:mysql-community-client ########################################### [ 75%]

4:mysql-community-server ########################################### [100%]

配置MySQL数据库

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件， 指定数据存放位置

注： 修改MySQL数据库的默认数据存储路径， 需要关闭SELinux， 否则会出现服务启动不了，并出现Can't create directory的错误信息。

[root@DB-Server-Node1 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir=/data/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

创建数据目录，并修改目录所有者

[root@DB-Server-Node1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql

[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]# cd /data

[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql

[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]# ll

total 20

drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Jul 14 10:46 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 14 14:43 mysql

启动MySQL服务

[root@DB-Server-Node1 mysql]# service mysqld start

Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]

Installing validate password plugin: [ OK ]

Starting mysqld: [ OK ]

注意： 在初次启动mysql服务时， 请先确保是否已经关闭selinux， 否则在服务启动时会出现Can’t create test file xxx-lower-test的错误信息， 可以通过临时关闭selinux命令setenforce 0或永久关闭selinux(修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux配置文件)来禁用selinux。

修改数据库默认密码

(1). 通过MySQL生成的临时密码来修改

MySQL 5.7在启动时会生成一个初始化密码，而在之前的版本首次登陆不需要登录。可以通过生成的默认密码登录数据库，然后再修改root的密码；

方法 1：

[root@DB-Server-Node1 mysql]# cat /root/.mysql_secret

# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2015-04-22 22:13:23

?G5W&tz1z.cN

注： 在Linux操作系统下有可能没有.mysql_secret文件， 可以采用以下的方法来查询MySQL的临时密码。

方法2：

[root@DB-Server-Node1 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2015-04-23T03:04:55.113219Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kqiffRrpa2,:

(2). 通过MySQL安全模式来修改密码

另外还可以通过以下的步骤来修改root用户的密码。

先停止MySQL服务

```

[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]# service mysqld stop

Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]

```

使用安全模式进入MySQL

```

[root@DB-Server-Node1 data]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

2017-06-14T07:06:38.506327Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.

2017-06-14T07:06:38.548109Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql

```

此处，需要新打开一个SSH连接

```

[root@DB-Server-Node1 ~]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 3

Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>use mysql

Database Changed

mysql>update user set authentication_string=password("123456") where user='root' and host='localhost';

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1

mysql>flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>exit

```

修改完后， 退出安全模式， 并重启服务

测试MySQL数据库访问

[root@DB-Server-Node1 mysql]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

登录成功， 修改用户密码成功。

注： MySQL 5.7版本在用户首次登录时提示用户修改密码， 需要通过set PASSWORD=PASSWORD("新密码");语句来设置新密码， 如果不修改则无法对数据库进行操作。

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Sczq@db123' WITH GRANT

OPTION;

ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing

this statement.

mysql> set PASSWORD=PASSWORD("123456");

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)